MUHİTDİN YILMAZ, YUSUF ERSAN, EVREN KOÇ, HASAN ÖZEN, MUSA KARAMAN

Toxic Eff ects of Cadmium Sulphate on Tissue Histopathology and Serum Protein Expression in European Chub

Yüksek düzeylerde kadmiyum sülfat hidrat (3CdSO4 * 8HO) (CdSO4) içeren suyun Avrupa tatlısu kefali (Leuciscus cephalus)'nin doku histopatolojisi ve serum proteinlerinin ekspresyonu üzerine etkileri araştırıldı. Balıklar her grupta 10 hayvan bulunan 3 gruba ayrıldı (kontrol grubu, 1. grup ve 2. grup) ve sırasıyla CdSO4 içermeyen, 1 mg/L, and 2 mg/L CdSO4 içeren tanklarda 10 gün süreyle bekletildi. Çalışma süresi sonunda, kan örnekleri alınarak sodyum dodesil sülfat-poliakrilamid jel elektroforezi (SDS-PAGE) yapıldı. Daha sonra balıklardan alınan doku örnekleri rutin yöntemlerle hematoksilen ve eozin ile boyanarak histopatolojik değişiklikler izlendi. CdSO4 konsantrasyonundaki artışa bağlı olarak protein bantlarında kademeli bir incelme tespit edildi. 1. grupta 35.3 kD ve 100.5 kD'luk proteinlerde, 2. grupta da 44.5 kD ve 47.3 kD'luk proteinlerde inhibisyon tespit edildi. Mikroskobik incelemede ise CdSO4 verilen balıkların solungaç dokusunda sekonder lamel epitelinde dejenerasyonla birlikte klorid epitel hücrelerinde de nekroz ve hidropik dejenerasyon tespit edildi. Karaciğer dokusunda da gruplarda önemli seviyelerde hidropik dejenerasyon ve nekroz gözlendi. CdSO4'ın Leuciscus cephalus'da toksik etki yaparak serum proteinlerinin ekspresyonları, karaciğer ve solungaç morfolojisi üzerinde dejeneratif değişikliklere neden olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Kadmiyum Sülfat'ın Avrupa Tatlısu Kefali, Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758)'un Doku Histopatolojisi ve Serum Protein Ekspresyonu Üzerine Toksik Etkileri

Eff ects of high water cadmium sulphate hydrate (3CdSO4 * 8H2O) (CdSO4) levels on the expression of serum proteins and tissue histopathology of the European chub (Leuciscus cephalus) was investigated. Three groups of fish (control, 1st, and 2nd), each containing 10 animals, were placed in separate tanks containing no, 1 mg/L, and 2 mg/L CdSO4, respectively, for 10 days. At the end of the study period, blood samples were taken and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was performed. Fish tissue samples were taken then routinely processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin to observe histopathological changes. Depending on the increasing concentration of CdSO4, a gradual decrease in protein bands was determined. Inhibition of 35.3 kilodalton (kD) and 100.5 kD proteins in the 1st group and of 44.5 kD and 47.3 kD proteins in the 2nd group was detected. Microscopic examination revealed degeneration in the secondary lamellar epithelia, hydropic degeneration and necrosis in chloride cells of the fish gill in CdSO4given groups. Hydropic degeneration and necrosis were also observed in light to severe levels in the liver depending on the groups. It was concluded that CdSO4 has toxic eff ects on the expression of serum proteins and causes degenerative changes on gill and liver morphology in Leuciscus cephalus.

PDF

___

ATSDR: Public health statement for cadmium. http://www.atsdr.cdc. gov/phs/phs.asp?id=46&tid=15, 2008, Accessed: November 13, 2010.

Kayhan FE: Bioaccumulation and toxicity of cadmium in the water products. E U J Fish Aquat Sci, 23 (1-2): 215-220, 2006 (In Turkish).

De Conto Cinier C, Ramel MP, Faure R, Garin D, Bouvet Y: Kinetics of Cd accumulation and elimination in Carp Cyprinus carpio tissues. Comp Biochem Physiol C: Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol, 122, 345-352, 1999.

Wu SM, Weng CF, Yu MJ, Lin CC, Chen ST, Hwang JC, Hang PP: Cadmium-inducible metallothionein in Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 62, 758-768, 1999.

De Smet H, De Wachler B, Lobinski R, Blust R: Dynamics of (Cd-Zn)- Metallothionein in gills, liver and kidney of Common carp Cyprinus carpio during Cd exposure. Aquat Tox, 52, 269-281, 2001.

Karakus S, Gey H: A preliminary study of heavy metals in transcaucasian barb (Capoeta capoeta capoeta, Guldenstaedt, 1772) from the Kars creek, Turkey. Revue Méd Vét, 157 (11): 551-556, 2006.

Robert R, Michael JD: Enzyme assays. pp. 225-332, Oxford University Press, New York, 1993.

Laemmli UK: Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature, 227 (5259): 680-685, 1970.

O'Farrell PH: High resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis of biological properties and significance. Comp Biochem Physiol, 88, 497- , 1975.

Weber K, Pringle J, Osborn M: Measurement of molecular weights by electrophoresis on SDS-acrilamide gel. Meth Enzimol, 26, 3-27, 1972.

Bayram Y, Yılmaz M, Ersan Y, Koç E, Baysal A: Toxic eff ects of cobalt II chloride on tissue histopathology and serum proteins in Capoeta capoeta capoeta (Guldenstaedt 1772). Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 16 (B): 259-263,

Yılmaz M, Ersan Y, Karaman M, Özen H, Koç E, Necefoğlu, H: Toxic eff ects of cobalt parahydroxybenzoate on tissue histopathology and in serum proteins in Capoeta capoeta capoeta. Fresen Environ Bullet, 17 (9A): 1327, 2008.

Alazemi BM, Lewis JW, Andrews EB: Gill damage in the freshwater fish Gnathonemus petersii (Family: Mormyridae) exposed to selected pollutants: An ultrastructural study. Environ Tech, 17, 225-238, 1996.

Garcia-Santos S, Monteiro SM, Carralo J, Fotainhas-Fernandes A: Histological alterations in gills of nil tilapia Oreochromis niloticus caused by cadmium. Arq Brasil Med Vet Zootec, 59, 376-381, 2007.

Gill TS, Pant JC, Tewari H: Branchial pathogenesis in a freshwater fish, Puntius conconius ham., chronically exposed to sublethal concentrations of cadmium. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 15, 153-161, 1988.

Thophon S, Kruatrachue M, Upatham ES, Pokethitiyook P, Sahaphong S, Jaritkhuan S: Histopathological alterations of white seabass, Lates calcarifer, in acute and subchronic cadmium exposure. Environ Pollut, 121, 307-320, 2003.

Messaoudi I, Barhoumi S, Saïd K, Kerken A: Study on the sensitivity to cadmium of marine fish Salaria basilisca (Pisces: Blennidae). J Environ Sci, 21, 1620-1624, 2009.

Firat O, Cogun HY, Aslanyavrusu S, Kargin F: Antioxidant responses and metal accumulation in tissues of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus under Zn, Cd and Zn + Cd exposures. J Appl Toxicol, 29, 295-301, 2009.

Talas ZS, Orun I, Ozdemir I, Erdogan K, Alkan A, Yilmaz I: Anti- oxidative role of selenium against the toxic eff ect of heavy metals (Cd+2, Cr+3) on liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum 1792). Fish

Physiol Biochem, 34 (3): 217-222, 2008.

Wu C, Wang L, Liu C, Gao F, Su M, Wu X, Hong F: Mechanism of Cd2+ on DNA cleavage and Ca2+ on DNA repair in liver of silver crucian carp. Fish Physiol Biochem, 34 (1): 43-51, 2008.

Cattani O, Serra R, Isani G, Raggi G, Cortesi P, Carpene E: Correlation between metallothionein and energy metabolism in sea bass, Dicentrachus labrax, exposed to cadmium. Comp Biochem Physiol, , 193-199, 1996.

Bouraoui Z, Banni M, Ghedira J, Clerandeau C, Guerbej H, Narbonne JF, Boussetta H: Acute eff ects of cadmium on liver phase I and phase II enzymes and metallothionein accumulation on sea bream Sparus aurata. Fish Physiol Biochem, 34 (3): 201-207, 2008.

Firat O, Kargin F: Individual and combined eff ects of heavy metals on serum biochemistry of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol, 58 (1): 151-157, 2010.

Richmonds CR, Dutta HM: Variations produced by malathion on the serum protein fractions of bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus. Comp Biochem Physiol C-Toxicol Pharmacol, 102 (3): 403-406, 1992.

Shakoori AR, Ilyas M, Aziz F: Toxicity of sublethal doses of Trebon (Ethofenprox) on total blood serum proteins, acetylcholinesterase activity and SDS-PAGE pattern of blood serum proteins of Cirrhinus mrigala. Pakistan J Zool, 24 (3): 235-241, 1992.

Dutta HM, Lall SB, Haghighi AZ: Methyl mercury induced changes in the serum proteins of bluegills-Lepomis macrochirus (Teleostei). Ohio J Sci, 83, 119-122, 1983.

Heikkila JJ, Schultz GA, Iatrou K, Gedamu L: Expression of a set of fish genes following heat or metal ion exposure. J Biol Chem, 257, 12000- , 1982.