AHMET KÜRŞAT AZKUR, Serkal GAZYAĞCI, Muhammet Eren ASLAN, NİLGÜN ÜNAL

Molecular and Serological Characterization of Pestivirus Infection Among Sheep in Kirikkale, Turkey [1] [2]

Border hastalığı virüsü koyun sürülerinde ekonomik kayıplara neden olur ve dünyada yüksek seroprevalansa sahiptir. Bu çalışmada Kırıkkale ili ve tüm ilçelerinde bulunan 25 koyun sürüsünden elde edilen 1075 örneği kullanılmıştır. Pestivirüse karşı oluşan antikorlar 1075 serumun %74.51'inde ELISA kullanılarak tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, seropozitifl ik oranlarının her bir koyun sürüsünde %8.4 ve %100 arasında değişmektedir. Seropozitifl ik ve ırk,yaş ve cinsiyet arasındaki ilişki araştırıldı. Seropozitifl ik, cinsiyet ve yaş arasında bir bağlantı tespit edilemezken, koyun ırkları ve pestivirüse karşı oluşan pozitif antikor cevabı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edildi (P

Türkiye Kırıkkale Yöresinde Koyunlar Arasında Pestivirüs Enfeksiyonlarının Serolojik ve Moleküler Karakterizasyonu

Border diseases virus causes economical loss in the sheep fl ocks and have high seroprevalence in the world. In the study 1075 samples from 25 sheep fl ocks obtained from Kirikkale and all district in the province of Kirikkale (Turkey) were used. Antibodies against pestivirus detected in 74.51% of 1075 sera samples using ELISA. However, range of seropositivity varied between 8.4% and 100% in the each sheep fl ocks. The correlation between seropositivity and race, age, and gender were investigated. While no relationships between seropositivity and gender and age were detected, a statistically significant correlation was noticed between the race of sheep and positive antibody response to pestivirus (P<0.05). Virus detection studies demonstrated that rate of viremic animals which did not show antibody response against to pestivirus in the sampling time was 4.37%. 5'UTR region of the infecting viruses were amplified through reverse transcription and nested PCR. PCR experiments after which sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were carried out. Accordingly, the viruses infecting the sheep fl ocks were diff erent than BDV from previously reported from Turkey but very close to related to pestivirus type 3.

PDF

___

Becher P, Avalos Ramirez R, Orlich M, Cedillo Rosales S, Konig M, Schweizer, M, Stalder H, Schirrmeier H, Thiel HJ: Genetic and antigenic characterization of novel pestivirus genotypes: Implications for classification. Virology, 311, 96-104, 2003.

Becher P, Orlich M, Thiel HJ: Complete genomic sequence of border disease virus, a pestivirus from sheep. J Virol, 72, 5165-5173, 2003.

Reimann I, Depner K, Trapp S, Beer M: An avirulent chimeric Pestivirus with altered cell tropism protects pigs against lethal infection with classical swine fever virus. Virology, 322, 143-157, 2004

Schirrmeier H, Strebelow G, Depner K, Hoff mann B, Beer M: Genetic and antigenic characterization of an atypical pestivirus isolate, a putative member of a novel pestivirus species. J Gen Virol, 85, 3647-3652, 2004.

Oguzoglu TC, Tan MT, Toplu N, Demir AB, Bilge-Dagalp S, Karaoglu T, Ozkul A, Alkan F, Burgu I, Haas L, Greiser-Wilke I: Border disease virus (BDV) infections of small ruminants in Turkey: A new BDV subgroup? Vet Microbiol, 135, 374-379, 2009.

Thabti F, Fronzaroli L, Dlissi E, Guibert JM, Hammami S, Pepin M, Russo P: Experimental model of Border Disease Virus infection in lambs: comparative pathogenicity of pestiviruses isolated in France and Tunisia. Vet Res, 33, 35-45, 2002.

Marco I, Rosell R, Cabezon O, Mentaberre G, Casas E, Velarde R, Lopez-Olvera JR, Hurtado A, Lavin S: Epidemiological study of border disease virus infection in Southern chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) after an outbreak of disease in the Pyrenees (NE Spain). Vet Microbiol, 127, 29- , 2008.

Sullivan DG, Chang GJ, Akkina RK: Genetic characterization of ruminant pestiviruses: sequence analysis of viral genotypes isolated from sheep. Virus Res, 47, 19-29, 1997.

Stadejek T, Vilcek S, Lowings JP, Ballagi-Pordany A, Paton DJ, Belak S: Genetic heterogeneity of classical swine fever virus in Central Europe. Virus Res, 52, 195-204, 1997.

Vilcek S, Nettleton PF, Paton DJ, Belak S: Molecular characterization of ovine pestiviruses. J Gen Virol, 78, 725-735, 1997.

Valdazo-Gonzalez B, Alvarez M, Sandvik T: Prevalence of border disease virus in Spanish lambs. Vet Microbiol, 128, 269-278, 2008.

Danuser R, Vogt HR, Kaufmann T, Peterhans E, Zanoni R: Sero- prevalence and characterization of pestivirus infections in small ruminants and new world camelids in Switzerland. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd, 151, 109- , 2009.

Buonavoglia C, Marsilio F, Tempesta M, Buonavoglia D, Cavalli A: Persistent pestivirus infection in sheep in Apulia (southern Italy). New Microbiol, 17, 163-165, 1994.

Nettleton PF, Gilmour JS, Herring JA, Sinclair JA: The production and survival of lambs persistently infected with border disease virus. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 15, 179-188,1992.

Nettleton PF, Gilray JA, Russo P, Dlissi E: Border disease of sheep and goats. Vet Res, 29, 327-340, 1998.

Gur S: A investigation of border disease virus in sheep in Western Turkey. Trop Anim Health Prod, 41, 1409-1412,2009.

Becher P, Meyers G, Shannon AD, Thiel HJ: Cytopathogenicity of border disease virus is correlated with integration of cellular sequences into the viral genome. J Virol, 70, 2992-2998, 1996.

Garcia-Perez AL, Minguijon E, Estevez L, Barandika JF, Aduriz G, Juste RA, Hurtado A: Clinical and laboratorial findings in pregnant ewes and their progeny infected with Border disease virus (BDV-4 genotype). Res Vet Sci, 86, 345-352, 2009.

Garcia-Perez AL, Minguijon E, Barandika JF, Aduriz G, Povedano I, Juste RA, Hurtado A: Detection of Border disease virus in fetuses, stillbirths, and newborn lambs from natural and experimental infections. J Vet Diagn Invest, 21, 331-337, 2009.

Sandvik T: Selection and use of laboratory diagnostic assays in BVD control programmes. Prev Vet Med, 72, 3-16; Discussion 215-219, 2005.

Hurtado A, Sanchez I, Bastida F, Minguijon E, Juste RA, Garcia- Perez AL: Detection and quantification of pestivirus in experimentally infected pregnant ewes and their progeny. Virol J, 6, 189, 2009.

Strong R, La Rocca SA, Ibata G, Sandvik T: Antigenic and genetic characterisation of border disease viruses isolated from UK cattle. Vet Microbiol, 141, 208-215, 2009.

Krametter-Froetscher R, Duenser M, Preyler B, Theiner A, Benetka V, Moestl K, Baumgartner W: Pestivirus infection in sheep and goats in West Austria. Vet J, 186, 342-346, 2009.

Willoughby K, Valdazo-Gonzalez B, Maley M, Gilray J, Nettleton PF: Development of a real time RT-PCR to detect and type ovine pestiviruses. J Virol Methods, 132, 187-194, 2006.

Vilcek S, Nettleton PF: Pestiviruses in wild animals. Vet Microbiol, , 1-12, 2006.

Fenton A, Entrican G, Herring JA, Nettleton PF: An ELISA for detecting pestivirus antigen in the blood of sheep persistently infected with border disease virus. J Virol Methods, 27, 253-260, 1990.

Vilcek S, Herring AJ, Herring JA, Nettleton PF, Lowings JP, Paton DJ: Pestiviruses isolated from pigs, cattle and sheep can be allocated into at least three genogroups using polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease analysis. Arch Virol, 136, 309-323, 1994.

Vilcek S: Secondary structure of the 5'-noncoding region of border disease virus genome RNAs. Vet Med (Praha), 42, 125-128, 1997.

Sullivan DG, Chang GJ, Trent DW, Akkina RK: Nucleotide sequence analysis of the structural gene coding region of the pestivirus border disease virus. Virus Res, 33, 219-228, 1994.

Kul O, Kabakci N, Ozkul A, Kalender H, Atmaca HT: Concurrent peste des petits ruminants virus and pestivirus infection in stillborn twin lambs. Vet Pathol. 45, 191-196, 2008.

Vilcek S, Greiser-Wilke I, Nettleton P, Paton DJ: Cellular insertions in the NS2-3 genome region of cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) isolates. Vet Microbiol, 77, 129-236, 2000.

Vilcek S, Paton DJ, Rowe LW, Anderson EC: Typing of pestiviruses from eland in Zimbabwe. J Wildl Dis, 36, 165-168, 2000.

Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S: MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol, 24, 1596- , 2007.

Kumar S, Nei M, Dudley J, Tamura K: MEGA: A biologist-centric software for evolutionary analysis of DNA and protein sequences. Brief Bioinform, 9, 299-306, 2008.

Ergün G, Aktas S: ANOVA modellerinde kareler toplamı yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılması. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 15 (3): 481-484, 2009.

Oguzoglu TC: Border Disease. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Dergisi, 55, 69-74, Raue R, Harmeyer SS, Nanjiani IA: Antibody responses to inactivated vaccines and natural infection in cattle using bovine viral diarrhoea virus ELISA kits: Assessment of potential to diff erentiate infected and vaccinated animals. Vet J, (In Press).

Berriatua E, Barandika JF, Aduriz G, Hurtado A, Estevez L, Atxaerandio R, Garcia-Perez AL: Flock-prevalence of border disease virus infection in Basque dairy-sheep estimated by bulk-tank milk analysis. Vet Microbiol, 118, 37-46, 2006.

Berriatua E, Barandika J, Aduriz G, Atxaerandio R, Garrido J, Garcia-Perez AL: Age-specific seroprevalence of Border disease virus and presence of persistently infected sheep in Basque dairy-sheep fl ocks. Vet J, 168, 336-342, 2004.

Houe H: Epidemiological features and economical importance of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infections. Vet Microbiol, 64, 89-107, 1999.

Drogemuller C, Leeb T, Distl O: PrP genotype frequencies in German breeding sheep and the potential to breed for resistance to scrapie. Vet Rec, 149, 349-352, 2001.

Kalaycıoğlu AT: Control of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Infections Through Vaccination. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 13: 103-108, 2007.

Hasırcıoğlu S, Kale M, Acar A: Investigation of Pestivirus Infections in Aborted Sheep and Goats in Burdur Region. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, , 163-167, 2009.

Burgu I, Akca Y, Alkan F, Ozkul A, Karaoglu T, Dagalp SB, Oguzoglu C, Yesilbag K: The serological and virological investigations and patho- genesis of BVDV Infection in sheep during pre- and post-partum periods. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 25, 551-557, 2001.

Schweizer M, Matzener P, Pfaff en G, Stalder H, Peterhans E: "Self" and "nonself" manipulation of interferon defense during persistent infection: Bovine viral diarrhea virus resists alpha/beta interferon without blocking antiviral activity against unrelated viruses replicating in its host cells. J Virol, 80, 6926-6935, 2006.

Vilcek S, Durkovic B, Kolesarova M, Greiser-Wilke I, Paton D: Genetic diversity ofinternational bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) isolates: Identification of a new BVDV-1 genetic group. Vet Res, 35, 609- , 2004.

Rasmussen TB, Reimann I, Hoff mann B, Depner K, Uttenthal A, Beer M: Direct recovery of infectious pestivirus from a full-length RT-PCR amplicon. J Virol Methods, 149, 330-333, 2008.

Sullivan DG, Akkina RK: A nested polymerase chain reaction assay to diff erentiate pestiviruses. Virus Res, 38, 231-239, 1995.

La Rocca SA, Sandvik T: A short target real-time RT-PCR assay for detection of pestiviruses infecting cattle. J Virol Methods, 161, 122-127, 2009.

Hyndman L, Vilcek S, Conner J, Nettleton PF: A novel nested reverse transcription PCR detects bovine viral diarrhoea virus in fl uids from aborted bovine fetuses. J Virol Methods, 71, 69-76, 1998.

Vilcek S: Identification of pestiviruses contaminating cell lines and fetal calf sera. Acta Virol, 45, 81-86, 2001.

Barros SC, Ramos F, Pauperio S, Thompson G, Fevereiro M: Phylogenetic analysis of Portuguese bovine viral diarrhoea virus. Virus Res, 118, 192-195, 2006.