Surgical interventions of common congenital heart defects in dogs: A comprehensive review

Köpeklerde en yaygın konjenital kalp hataları (CHD) aort stenozu, açık duktus arteriozus, pulmoner darlık, ventriküler septal defekt, mitral kapak displazisi, trikuspital kapak displazisi, Fallot tetralojisi ve endokardiyal fibroelastozistir. Bu hatalar genetik, çevresel, enfeksiyöz veya zehirlenme durumları ile maternal malnutrisyon veya tıbbi etkiler sonucu oluşabilir. Bazı yazarlar CHD’lerin cinsiyet ve tür bazlı kalıtsal eğilime sahip olduğuna inanmakadır. CHD’li çoğu köpek konjestive kalp yetmezliği gösterir ve bunlar erken ölüme neden olur. CHD’nin teşhisi elektrokardiyogram, göğüs radyografisi, ekokardiyogram ve bazen kardiyak kateterizasyona dayanmaktadır. Erken doğru teşhis ve uygun tedavi daha iyi sonuçlar için gereklidir. İnsanlarda uygulanan cerrahi müdahaleler köpeklerde de uygulanabilir. Açık kalp ameliyatı hataların düzeltilmesi için gerekli olabilir ancak bu müdalae oldukça pahalıdır. Bazı CHD’ler invaziv ve hibrid yöntemler kullanılarak tedavi edilebilir. Erken teşhis hayvan sahiplerine sürülerinde genetik hatanın devam etmesini engellemede yardımcı olabilir. Bilinen kalıtsal bir kalp hastalığına yatkınlığı olduğu tespit edilen köpeklerin dikkatli takibi veterinerlik açısından uzun vadede önem kazanmaktadır.

Köpeklerde yaygın konjenital kalp hatalarında cerrahi müdahaleler

The most common congenital heart defects (CHDs) in the dog include aortic stenosis, patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defects, mitral valve dysplasia, tricuspid valve dysplasia, tetralogy of Fallot, and endocardial fibroelastosis. They can occur as a result of genetic, environmental, infectious, or poisoning conditions, or malnutritional or maternal medical influences. Some authors believe that CHDs show gender and breed heritable predilections in dogs. Most dogs with severe CHDs may show congestive heart failure, and lead to an early death. The diagnoses of CHDs rely on electrocardiogram, chest radiograph, echocardiogram, and sometimes cardiac catheterization. Earlier accurate diagnosis with further proper treatments ensures better outcomes. Surgical interventions that are employed in humans can be applied in dogs as well. Open heart surgery may be necessary for the repair of the defects, but it costs much. Some CHDs may be curable to minimally invasive or hybrid procedures. Early diagnosis also allows owners to avoid continuing genetic defects in breeding lines. Attentions to the dog breeds with a known predisposition of an inheritable heart disease would merit a long-run veterinary significance.

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