Nutrient composition and mycotoxin residues in the hay stored as stack forms during the storage period, and aflatoxin M1 in the milk of the cows fed by them

Bu çalışmanın amacı, çayır otlarının biçim zamanında ve yerde kurulup yığın şeklinde muhafaza edildikleri sürede besin madde kompozisyonu ve mikotoksin kirlilikleri ile bu otlarla beslenen süt ineklerinin sütlerinde aflatoksin M1 (AFM1) kalıntısının belirlenmesi idi. Kars bölgesindeki 10 farklı aile işletmesine ait çayırlardan çayır otu ve aynı çayır otlarından yığın şeklinde muhafaza edilen kuru ot örnekleri alındı. Çayır kuru otu örnekleri alınırken yığının dış ve iç kısmından örnekler alındı. Alınan örneklerde kuru madde (KM), ham kül (HK), organik madde (OM), ham protein (HP), ham selüloz (HS), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ham yağ (HY), azotsuz öz madde (NÖM) ile total aflatoksin, aflatoksin B1 (AFB1) ve zearalenon rezidüsü analizleri biçim zamanında ve depolama süresince 45 günlük aralıklarla 6 defa yapıldı. Biçim zamanında çayırların KM, HK, OM, HP, HS, NDF, ADF, HY ve NÖM konsantrasyonu kuru madde bazında sırasıyla 307.9, 93.3, 906.7, 118.0, 313.2, 509.7, 351.3, 29.1 ve 446.4 g/kg olarak bulundu. İncelenen taze çayır otlarının tümünde total aflatoksin, AFB1 ve zearalenon miktarları kabul edilebilir sınırlar içinde ve sırasıyla 24.10, 15.21 ve 14.97 ppb idi. Depolama süresince çayır kuru otlarının KM içerikleri yığınların iç kısmında dalgalı bir seyir gösterirken; HK, OM ve NDF içeriklerinin değişmediği, HS içeriklerinin arttığı, HP içeriklerinin ise azaldığı görüldü. ADF içerikleri depolama başına göre depolama sonunda arttı. Depolama süresince dördüncü analiz döneminde total aflatoksin ve AFB1 hariç tüm mikotoksin rezidüleri ile incelenen süt örneklerinden birisi hariç tümünün AFM1 rezidüsü kabul edilebilir sınırlar içerisinde idi. Sonuç olarak; depolama süresi uzadıkça çayır kuru otlarının besin madde kompozisyonunda önemli ölçüde bir değişiklik olmadığı, mikotoksin rezidüsünün değişmediği ve kabul edilebilir sınırları aşmadığı kanaatine varıldı.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

süt ineği, hasat zamanı, besin maddeleri, kalıntı, depolama, depolama bozulmaları, depolama ömrü, zearalenone, kuru ot, mikotoksinler, aflatoksin

Yığın şeklinde depolanan çayır kuru otlarının depolama süresince besin kompozisyonu ve mikotoksin rezidüleri ile bu otlarla beslenen süt ineklerinin sütlerinde aflatoxin M1 rezidüsü

The objectives of the study were to determine nutrient composition and mycotoxin contamination of the pasture samples at harvesting time and their hay forms which were dried in ground and stored as stacks form during the storage period, and to reveal the aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) residues in the milk samples of the cows fed by these hay samples. Ten pasture grass and their hay samples stored as stack form were obtained from 10 different pasture areas and family farms in Kars district, respectively. Upon taking the hay samples from both the inner and outer parts of the stacks, they were analyzed for dry matter (DM), crude ash (CA), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ether extract (EE), nitrogen free extract (NFE) and total aflatoxin, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and zearalanone residues in harvesting time, and then 6 times with 45 days of interval during the storage period. The concentrations of DM, CA, OM, CP, CF, NDF, ADF, EE and NFE of pasture at harvesting time were found to be 307.9, 93.3, 906.7, 118.0, 313.2, 509.7, 351.3, 29.1 and 446.4 g/kg DM basis, respectively. Total aflatoxin, AFB1 and zearalenone residues were determined in all the fresh grass samples examined at average 24.10, 15.21 and 14.97 ppb, but they were within the acceptable limits. During the storage period of the hay; DM content fluctuated, CA, OM and NDF contents unchanged, CF content increased, CP decreased in the inner part, and ADF contents increased in the inner part at the beginning of the storage, as compared with at the end of the storage period. During the storage period, mycotoxin residues were also within the acceptable limit except for the total aflatoxin and AFB1 levels in the 4th period samples. Except for the one milk sample, AFM1 residues were within the acceptable limit. It is concluded that, depending on the longer storage period, generally nutrient composition of the hay unchanged substantially, mycotoxin residues also unchanged and generally not exceed the acceptable limits.

Keywords:

dairy cows, harvesting date, nutrients, residues, storage, storage disorders, storage life, zearalenone, hay, mycotoxins, aflatoxins,

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