Neonatal kuzularda pnömoni: yaygınlığı ve etki eden kimi risk faktörleri

Çalışmada neonatal kuzularda pnömoninin morbidite, mortalite oran ve etiyolojileri ile bunları etkileyen kimi risk faktörlerinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Çalışmamızın materyalini Kars merkez ve çevresinde koyunculuk yapan 4 farklı işletmede 2006 doğum sezonunda doğan toplam 823 kuzu oluşturdu. Doğumla birlikte neonatal dönemin sonuna kadar olan periyotta çiftlikler günlük olarak ziyaret edilerek kuzular muayene edildi. Klinik muayeneler sonucu solunum sistemi problemi belirlenen hastalardan kan ve nazal svap örnekleri alındı. Svaplar Mycoplasma spp., Mannhemia spp., Pasteurella spp. ve Haemaphylus spp. yönünden, serumlarda ise BVDV, BRSV, PI-3, BHV ve Adenovirüs tip-3 yönünden antikor varlığı araştırıldı. Çalışma boyunca takip edilen 823 kuzunun 36’sında pnömoni (%4.4) belirlendi. Tedaviye rağmen pnömonili 3 kuzu öldü. Solunum sistemi problemli olgular, %58.3 (21/36) oranında neonatal dönemin son haftasında görüldü (P

Anahtar Kelimeler:

zatürre, koyun, solunum yolu hastalıkları, yenidoğan, ölüm oranı, hastalık oranı, kuzu, epidemiyoloji, etiyoloji

Pneumonia in neonatal lambs: frequency and some associated risk factors

This study was aimed to investigate morbidity and mortality of pneumonia of neonatal lambs, its aetiology and associated risk factors. The study included 4 different sheep farms and 823 neonatal lambs born on these farms in 2006 lambing season in Kars central and its vicinity. Farms were daily visited in order to examine lambs during neonatal period. Blood and nasal swab samples were collected from clinically ill lambs. Swabs were bacteriologically examined fort he presence of Mycoplasma spp., Mannhemia spp., Pasteurella spp. and Haemaphylus spp. And serum samples were analysed for antibodies against BVDV, BRSV, PI-3, BHV and Adenovirüs tip-3. A total of 36 out of 823 neonatal lambs (4.4%) were diagnosed as having pneumonia and three of these cases died inspite of treatment. Respiratory problems were commonly encountered with the proportion of 58.3% (21/36) in the last week of neonatal period (P<0.001). The morbidity was high in flock with high population density (P<0.001). Bacteriological culture results revealed absence of bacteria but the proportions of diseased lambs having antibodies to BHV, BVDV, BRSV, PI-3 and Adenovirüs tip-3 were 89.3%, 82.2%, 85.7%, 92.9% and 92.9%, respectively. The study identified that although pneumonia was not a prevalent problem in neonatal period detailed and long term epidemiological and aetiological studies are needed to tackle respiratory problems in lambs.

Keywords:

pneumonia, sheep, respiratory diseases, neonates, mortality, morbidity, lambs, epidemiology, aetiology,

PDF

___

Ameghino E, Reif JS, Inope L, Laos A, Gamarra M: Perinatal lamb mortality in the central sierra of Peru. Prev Vet Med, 2 (6): 833-843, 1984.
Nóbrega JE, Riet-Correa F, Nóbrega RS, Medeiros JM, Vasconcelos JS, Simões SVD, Tabosa IM: Perinatal mortality of lambs in the semi-arid region of Paraíba Brazil. Pesq Vet Bras, 25 (3): 171-178, 2005.
Dwyer CM: The welfare of the neonatal lamb. Small Rum Res, 76 (1-2): 31-41, 2008.
Rook JS, Scholman G, Wing-Proctor S, Shea M: Diagnosis and control of neonatal losses in sheep. Vet Clin North Am: Food Anim Pract, 6 (3): 531-62, 1990.
Sharif L, Obeidat J, Al-Ani F: Risk factors for lamb and kid mortality in sheep and goat farms in Jordan. Bulg J Vet Med, 8 (2): 99-108, 2005.
Yapi CV, Boylan WJ, Robinson RA: Factors associated with causes of preweaning lamb mortality. Prev Vet Med, 10 (1-2), 145-152, 1990.
Chaarani B, Robinson RA, Johnson DW: Lamb mortality in Meknes province (Morocco). Prev Vet Med, 10 (4): 283-298, 1991.
Huffman EM, Kirk JH, Pappaioanou M: Factors associated with neonatal lamb mortality. Theriogenology, 24 (2): 163-171, 1985.
Dohoo IR, Curtis RA, Finley GG: A survey of sheep diseases in Canada. Can J Vet Res, 49 (3): 239-47, 1985.
Green LE, Berriatua E, Morgan KL: Lamb morbidity in three housed flocks in south-west England during two lambing seasons-farmer versus veterinary monitoring. Prev Vet Med, 19 (3-4): 233-240, 1994.
Oruç E: The pathologic and bacteriologic comparison of pneumonia in lambs. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 30 (6): 593-599. 2006.
Safford JW, Hoversland AS: A study of lamb mortality in a western range flock I Autopsy findings on 1051 lambs. J Anim Sci, 19 (1): 256-272, 1960.
Prasad RDD, Sreenivasulu D, Rao TM, Charyulu EK: An analysis of mortality in sheep. Indian Vet J, 69, 1115-1118, 1992.
Rook JS: Epidemiological Factors Associated with Lamb Mortality in a Michigan Lamb-feeding Operation. Small Ruminant Envoy, From the Department of Large Animals Clinical Sciences, Michigan University Extension, 8, 1,2000.
Özkan Ö, Bulu AA, Dörterler R, Hoştürk F: Kars ve yöresindeki önemli salgın ve belirli sendromlarla seyreden hayvan hastalıklarının epidemiyolojisi üzerine araştırma. Etlik Vet Mikrobiol Derg, 7 (4): 115-125, 1993.
Davies DH, Davis GB, Price MC: A longitudinal serological survey of respiratory virus infections in lambs. NZ Vet J, 28 (7): 125-127, 1980.
Lehmkuhl HD, Cutlip RC, Bolin SR, Brogden KA: Seroepidemiologic survey for antibodies to selected viruses in the respiratory tract of lambs. Am J Vet Res, 46 (12): 2601-2604, 1985.
Niemi SM, Evermann JF, Huffman EM, Kirk JH: Border disease virus isolation from postpartum ewes. Am J Vet Res, 43 (1): 86-88, 1982.
Sağlam YS, Bozoğlu H, Baş AT: Erzurum ve çevresinde kuzu enzootik pnömonileri üzerinde bakteriyolojik ve patolojik incelemeler. Etlik Vet Mikrobiol Derg, 10 (1): 1- 17, 1999.
Thonney ML, Smith MC, Mateescua RG: Vaccination of Ewes and Lambs against Parainfluenza3 to Prevent Lamb Pneumonia. Proceedings of the 8th Great Lakes Dairy Sheep Symposium, 7-9 November, Cornell University, USA, 2002.
Andres S, Jimenez A, Sanchez J, Alonso JM, Gomeza L, Lopez F, Rey J: Evaluation of some etiological factors predisposing to diarrhoea in lambs in “La Serena” (Southwest Spain). Small Rum Res, 70 (2-3): 272-275, 2007.
Binns SH, Cox IJ, Rizvi S, Green LE: Risk factors for lamb mortality on UK sheep farms. Prev Vet Med, 52 (3-4): 287-303, 2002.
Quinn PJ, Carter ME, Markey B, Carter GR: Clinical Veterinary Microbiology. Mosby-Wolfe, London, UK,1994.
Dean AG, Dean JA, Coulombier D, Brendel KA, Smith DC, Burton AH, Dicker RC, Sullivan KM, Fagan RF, Arner RF: Epi-Info Version 6: A Word Processing Database and Statistics Program for Epidemiology on Micro Computers. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta Georgia, U S A, 1994.
Lehmkuhl HD, Cutlip RC, Brogden KA: Seroepidemiologic survey for adenovirus infection in lambs. Am J Vet Res, 54 (8): 1277-1279, 1993.