Korakot NGANVONGPANIT, Siriwadee CHOMDEJ, Kittisak BUDDHACHAT, Puntita SIENGDEE, Tiwaporn RADEEROM, Kriangkrai THONGKORN, Waranee PRADIT

Köpek ve Kedi Diş Taşı Mikrobiyomunun İleri Jenerasyon Sekanslama Kullanılarak Araştırılması

Köpek ve kedilerin ağız boşluğu yüzlerce bakteri türü tarafından kolonize edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada; köpek ve kedilerin diş taşlarının bakteriyal kompozisyonu tanımlanmıştır. 43 köpek ve 4 kediye ait diş taşı örnekleri dört faklı grupta toplandı. Köpekler üç grupta kategorize edildi: küçük olmayan ırk köpekler, brakisefalik olmayan küçük ırk köpekler ve brakisefalik küçük ırk köpekler. Dördüncü grup ise kedileri içermekteydi. Bakteriler Illumina platform kullanılarak 16S rRNA sekanslama (V3 ve V4 çokdeğişken bölgeler) temeline göre belirlendi. Üç grup köpekte operasyonel taksonomik birimlerin sayısı küçük olmayan ırk köpekler, brakisefalik küçük ırk köpekler ve brakisefalik olmayan küçük ırk köpekler için sırasıyla 180, 190 ve 150 olarak tespit edilirken kedilerde 111 olarak belirlendi. Hem köpek hem de kedi diş taşlarında, Firmicutes filumu, özellikle de Clostridia sınıfı, en fazla okuma sayısına sahipti. PCoA ve UPGMA analizi köpek ve kedi diş taşlarının mikrobiyomu arasında farklılık olduğunu gösterdi. Elde edilen sonuçlar diş taşlarındaki bakteriyal topluluklarının ağız boşluğunun diğer taraflarından belirlenenlerden farklı olduğunu gösterdi. Diş taşları köpek ve kedilerde periodontal hastalıklar ile ilişkili bakterilerin büyümesi için uygun bir ortam oluşturabilir.

Investigation of the Calculus Microbiome in Canines and Felines Using Next-Generation Sequencing

The oral cavity of dogs and cats is colonized by hundreds of bacterial species. Here, we describe the bacterial composition in the dentalcalculus of dogs and cats. Dental calculus samples from 43 dogs and 4 cats were pooled into four different groups. Dogs were categorizedinto three groups: non-small breed dogs (NSB), non-brachycephalic small breed dogs (SB) and brachycephalic small breed dogs (SBb). Thefourth group included cats. Bacterial communities were identified based on 16S rRNA sequencing (V3 and V4 hypervariable regions) withthe Illumina platform. The numbers of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) identified in the three groups of dogs were 180, 190 and 150 andin NSB, SBb and SB, respectively, while in cats there were 111 OTUs. In dental calculus from both dogs and cats, the phylum Firmicutes hadthe highest proportion of read number, especially the class Clostridia. PCoA and UPGMA analysis revealed differences in the microbiomes ofcanine and feline calculus. Our findings demonstrated that the bacterial communities in calculus seemed to differ from those in other sites ofthe oral cavity. Calculus may serve as a potential habitßat for the growth of bacteria linked to canine and feline periodontal disease.

PDF

___

Hanage WP, Fraser C, Spratt BG: Fuzzy species among recombinogenic bacteria. BMC Biol, 3, 6, 2005. DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-3-6
Wang BY, Chi B, Kuramitsu, HK: Genetic exchange between Treponema denticola and Streptococcus gordonii in biofilms. Oral Microbiol Immunol, 17, 108-112, 2002. DOI: 10.1046/j.0902-0055.2001.00001.x
Lepp PW, Brinig MM, Ouverney CC, Palm K, Armitage GC, Relman DA. Methanogenic Archaea and human periodontal disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 101, 6176-6181, 2004. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0308766101
Dewhirst FE, Chen T, Izard J, Paster BJ, Tanner ACR, Yu WH, Lakshmanan A, Wade WG: The human oral microbiome. J Bacteriol, 192, 5002-5017, 2010. DOI: 10.1128/JB.00542-10
Watson A:Diet and disease in companion animals. Australian Veterinary Association, 29, 1994.
Kolenbrander PE, Palmer JRJ, Periasamy S, Jakubovics NS: Oral multispecies biofilm development and the key role of cell-cell distance. Nat Rev Microbiol, 8, 471-480, 2010. DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro2381
Nasidze I, Li J, Quinque D, Tang K, Stoneking M: Global diversity in the human salivary microbiome. Genome Res, 19, 636-643, 2009. DOI: 10.1101/gr.084616.108
Duckworth RM: The teeth and their environment: physical, chemical and biochemical influences. 154, Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers, 2006.
Driessens FCM, Borggreven JMPM, Verbeeck RMH, van Dijk JWE, Feagin FF: On the physicochemistry of plaque calcification and the phase composition of dental calculus. J Periodontal Res, 20, 329-336, 1985. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1985.tb00442.x
Wade WG: The oral microbiome in health and disease. Pharmacol Res, 69, 137-143, 2013. DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2012.11.006
Segata N, Haake SK, Mannon P, Lemon KP, Waldron L, Gevers D, Huttenhower C, Izard J: Composition of the adult digestive tract bacterial microbiome based on seven mouth surfaces, tonsils, throat and stool samples. Genome Biol, 13, R42, 2012. DOI: 10.1186/gb-2012-13-6-r42
Vartoukian SR, Downes J, Palmer RM, Wade WG: Fretibacterium fastidiosum gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the human oral cavity. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 63, 458-463, 2013. DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.041038-0
Dewhirst FE, Klein EA, Bennett ML, Croft JM, Harris SJ, MarshallJones ZV: The feline oral microbiome: a provisional 16S rRNA gene based taxonomy with full-length reference sequences. Vet Microbiol, 175, 294- 303, 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.11.019
Paster BJ, Boches SK, Galvin JL, Ericson RE, Lau CN, Levanos VA, Sahasrabudhe A, Dewhirst FE: Bacterial diversity in human subgingival plaque. J Bacteriol, 183, 3770-3783, 2001. DOI: 10.1128/JB.183.12.3770- 3783.2001
Oh C, Lee K, Cheong Y, Lee SW, Park SY, Song CS, Choi IS, Lee JB: Comparison of the oral microbiomes of canines and their owners using next-generation sequencing. PLoS One, 10, e0131468, 2015. DOI: 10.1371/ journal.pone.0131468
Davis IJ, Wallis C, Deusch O, Colyer A, Milella L, Loman N, Harris S: A cross-sectional survey of bacterial species in plaque from client owned dogs with healthy gingiva, gingivitis or mild periodontitis. PLoS One, 8, e83158, 2013. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083158
Dewhirst FE, Klein EA, Thompson EC, Blanton JM, Chen T, Milella L, Buckley CM, Davis IJ, Bennett ML, Marshall-Jones ZV: The canine oral microbiome. PloS One, 7, e36067, 2012. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone. 0036067
Letunic I, Bork P: Interactive tree of life (iTOL) v3: An online tool for the display and annotation of phylogenetic and other trees. Nucleic Acids Res, 44, W242-W245, 2016. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw290
Caporaso JG, Kuczynski J, Stombaugh J, Bittinger K, Bushman FD, Costello EK, Fierer N, Peña AG, Goodrich JK, Gordon JI, Huttley GA, Kelley ST, Knights D, Koenig JE, Ley RE, Lozupone CA, McDonald D, Muegge BD, Pirrung M, Reeder J, Sevinsky JR, Turnbaugh PJ, Walters WA, Widmann J, Yatsunenko T, Zaneveld J, Knight R: QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data. Nat Methods, 7, 335-336, 2010. DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.f.303
Stamatakis A, Hoover P, Rougemont J: A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML web servers. Syst Biol, 57, 758-771, 2008. DOI: 10.1080/10635150802429642
Rambaut A, Suchard MA, Xie D, Drummond AJ: Tracer v1.5. 2013. Accessed: 22 June 2017. http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/Tracer
Ronquist F, Huelsenbeck JP: MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics, 19, 1572-1574, 2003.
Nylander JAA: MrModeltest v2. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre. Uppsala University, 2004.
Li W, Fu L, Niu B, Wu S, Wooley J: Ultrafast clustering algorithms for metagenomic sequence analysis. Brief Bioinform, 13, 656-668, 2012. DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbs035
Magoč T, Salzberg SL: FLASH: Fast length adjustment of short reads to improve genome assemblies. Bioinformatics, 27, 2957-2963, 2011. DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btr507
Harvey CE, Shofer FS, Laster L: Association of age and body weight with periodontal disease in North American dogs. J Vet Dent, 11, 94-105, 1994.
Hamp S, Olsson S, Farso-Madsen K, Viklands P, Fornell J: A macroscopic and radiologic investigation of dental diseases of the dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound, 25, 86-92, 1984. DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1984. tb01916.x
König LM, Klopfleisch R, Höper D, Gruber AD: Next generation sequencing analysis of biofilms from three dogs with postoperative surgical site infection. Int Sch Res Notices, 2014, 282971, 2014. DOI: 10.1155/2014/282971
Ghurye JS, Cepeda-Espinoza V, Pop M: Metagenomic assembly: Overview, challenges and applications. Yale J Biol Med, 89, 353-362, 2016.
Garrido-Cardenas JA, Manzano-Agugliaro F: The metagenomics worldwide research. Curr Genet, 63, 819-829, 2017. DOI: 10.1007/s00294- 017-0693-8
Sturgeon A, Pinder SL, Costa MC, Weese JS: Characterization of the oral microbiota of healthy cats using next-generation sequencing. Vet J, 201, 223-229, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.01.024
Sturgeon A, Stull JW, Costa MC, Weese JS: Metagenomic analysis of the canine oral cavity as revealed by high-throughput pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Vet Microbiol, 162, 891-898, 2013. DOI: 10.1016/j. vetmic.2012.11.018
Coignoul F, Chevilie N: Calcified microbial plaque. Dental calculus of dog. Am J Pathol, 117, 499-501, 1984.
Roberts-Harry EA, Clerehugh V: Subgingival calculus: Where are we now? A comparative review. J Dent, 28, 93-102, 2000. DOI: 10.1016/S0300- 5712(99)00056-1
Glickman LT, Glickman NW, Moore GE, Lund EM, Lantz GC, Pressler BM: Association between chronic azotemic kidney disease and the severity of periodontal disease in dogs. Prev Vet Med, 99, 193-200, 2011. DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.01.011
Mathews MJ, Mathews EH, Mathews GE: Oral health and coronary heart disease. BMC Oral Health, 16, 122, 2016. DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016- 0316-7
Pavlica Z, Petelin M, Juntes P, Erzen D, Crossley DA, Skaleric U: Periodontal disease burden and pathological changes in organs of dogs. J Vet Dent, 25, 97-105, 2008. DOI: 10.1177/089875640802500210
Xu P, Gunsolley J: Application of metagenomics in understanding oral health and disease. Virulence, 5, 424-432, 2014. DOI: 10.4161/viru.28532
Meyer DH, Fives-Taylor PM: Oral pathogens: from dental plaque to cardiac disease. Curr Opin Microbiol, 1, 88-95, 1998. DOI: 10.1016/S1369- 5274(98)80147-1
Pihlstrom BL, Michalowicz BS, Johnson NW: Periodontal diseases. Lancet, 366, 1809-1820, 2005. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67728-8
Booij-Vrieling HE, van der Reijden WA, Houwers DJ, de Wit WEAJ, Bosch-Tijhof CJ, Penning LC, van Winkelhoff AJ, Hazewinkel HAW: Comparison of periodontal pathogens between cats and their owners. Vet Microbiol, 144, 147-152, 2010. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.12.046
Kyllar M, Witter K: Prevalent of dental disorders in pet dogs. Vet Med - Czech, 50, 496-505, 2005.
O Neill DG, Church DB, McGreevy PD, Thomson PC, Brodbelt DC: Prevalence of disorders recorded in dogs attending primary-care veterinary practices in England. PLoS One, 9, e90501, 2014. DOI: 10.1371/ journal.pone.0090501