Lorand Bela KÖBÖLKUTI, Gabor Arpad CZIRJAK, Miklos TENK, Attila SZAKACS, Attila KELEMEN, Marina SPINU

Edwardsiella tarda associated subcutaneous abscesses in a captive grass snake (Natrix natrix, squamata: Colubridae)

Edwardsiella tarda sulak çevrelerle ilgili oportunist bir patojendir. Sağlıklı timsahlar, kaplumbağalar, kertenkeleler ve yılanların sindirim sisteminin normal florasının bir parçasıdır. Ancak, sürüngenlerde, özellikle yılanlarda, farklı klinik hastalıklarla olan ilişkilerine yönelik veriler sınırlıdır. Bir dişi çayır yılanı (Natrix natrix) düşük vücut kondüsyon ve çok sayıda subkutan nodüllerle birlikte sunuldu. Nodülün birinin cerrahi temizliğini takiben, apselerden E. tarda’nın saf kültürü izole edildi. Yazarın bildiğine göre, bu ilk defa rapor edilen yılanlarda E. tarda ile ilgili klinik olgudur ve çayır yılanında ilk raporlardan biridir.

Bir küpeli yılanda (Natrix natrix, squamata: Colubridae) edwardsiella tarda ile birlikte seyreden subkutan apse olgusu

Edwardsiella tarda is an opportunistic pathogen associated with aquatic environments. It has been identified as part of the normal flora of the digestive tract of healthy crocodiles, alligators, turtles, lizards and snakes. However, data on its association with different clinical diseases in reptiles, especially in snakes, is scarce. A female grass snake (Natrix natrix) was presented with low body condition and with multiple subcutaneous nodules. After surgical cleaning of a nodule, E. tarda was cultivated in pure culture from the abscesses. To the author’s best knowledge, this is the first reported clinical case linked to E. tarda in snakes and one of the first case reports in grass snake.

PDF

___

1. Sakazaki R: Genus XI. Edwardsiella Ewing and McWhoter 1965. In, Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT (Eds): Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Vol. Two, Part B - The Gammaproteobacteria. 2nd ed., 657- 661, Springer, 2005.
2. Plimb JA: Edwardsiella Septicaemias. In, Woo PTK, Bruno DW (Eds): Fish Diseases and Disorders. Vol. 3: Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections. 1st ed., 479-521, CAB International, 1999.
3. Grimont PAD, Grimont F, Richard C, Sakazaki R: Edwardsiella hoshinae, a new species of Enterobacteriaceae. Curr Microbiol, 4 (6): 347- 351, 1980.
4. Ferronato BO, Marques TS, Souza FL, Verdade LM, Matushima ER: Oral bacterial microbiota and traumatic injuries of free-ranging Phrynops geoffroanus (Testudines, Chelidae) in southeastern Brazil. Phyllomedusa, 8 (1): 19-25, 2009.
5. White FH, Simpson CF, Williams Jr. E: Isolation of Edwardsiella tarda from aquatic animal species and surface waters in Florida. J Wildlife Dis, 9 (3): 204-208, 1973.
6. Coles BM, Stroud RK, Sheggeby S: Isolation of Edwardsiella tarda from three Oregon sea mammals. J Wildlife Dis, 14 (3): 339-341, 1978.
7. Janda JM, Abbot SL: Infections associated with the genus Edwardsiella: the role of Edwardsiella tarda in human disease. Clin Infect Dis, 17, 742- 748, 1993.
8. Maclean B: Dealing with casualty wild amphibians and reptiles. Vet Nursing J, 27 (6): 220-225, 2012.
9. Roggendorf M, Müller HE: Enterobacteria of reptiles. Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig A, 236 (1): 22-35, 1976.
10. Charruau P, Pérez-Flores J, Pérez-Juárez JG, Cedeño-Vázquez JR, Rosas-Carmona R: Oral and cloacal microflora of wild crocodiles Crocodylus acutus and C. moreletii in the Mexican Caribbean. Dis Aquat Org, 98, 27-39, 2012.
11. Johnston MA, Porter DE, Scott GI, Rhodes WE, Webstre LF: Isolation of faecal coliform bacteria from the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). J Appl Microbiol, 108, 965-973, 2010.
12. Sugita H, Deguchi Y: Microflora in the gastrointestinal tract of soft-shelled turtle Trionyx sinensis. Bull Jap Soc Sci Fisheries, 49 (2): 197- 201, 1983.
13. Tan RJ, Lim EW, Ishak B: Intestinal bacterial flora of the household lizard, Gecko gecko. Res Vet Sci, 24 (2): 262-263, 1978.
14. Gugnani HC, Oguike JU, Sakazaki R: Salmonellae and other enteropathogenic bacteria in the intestines of wall geckos in Nigeria. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 52 (2): 117-120, 1986.
15. Goldstein EJC, Agyare EO, Vagvolgyi AE, Halpern M: Aerobic bacterial oral flora of Garter snake: Development of normal flora and pathogenic potential for snakes and humans. J Clin Microbiol, 13 (5): 954- 956, 1981.
16. Ferreira Jr RS, Siqueira AK, Campagner MV, Salerno T, Soares TCS, Lucheis SB, Paes AC, Barraviera B: Comparison of wildlife and captivity rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus terrificus) microbiota. Pesq Vet Bras, 29 (12): 999-1003, 2009.
17. Iveson JB: Strontium chloride B and E.E. enrichment broth media for the isolation of Edwardsiella, Salmonella and Arizona species from tiger snakes. J Hyg (Lond), 69, 323-330, 1971.
18. Buenviaje GN, Ladds PW, Melville L, Manolis SC: Disease husbandry associations in farmed crocodiles in Queensland and the Northern Territory. Aust Vet J, 71, 165-173, 1994.
19. Pan XY, Hao GJ, Yao JY, Xu Y, Shen JY, Yen WL: Identification and pathogenic facts studying for Edwardsiella tarda from Edwardsiellosis of Trionyx sinensis. Freshwater Fisheries, 40 (6): 42-47, 2010.
20. Johnstone CP, Reina RD, Lill A: Interpreting indices of physiological stress in free-living vertebrates. J Comp Physiol B, 182, 861-879, 2012.
21. Cooper JE, Needham JR, Lawrence K: Studies on the cloacal flora of three species of free-living British reptile. J Zool, Lond (A), 207, 521-525, 1985.
22. Sharma VK, Kaura YK, Singh IP: Frogs as carriers of Salmonella and Edwardsiella. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 40, 171-175, 1974.
23. Rostami A, Memarian I, Zahraei Salehi T, Dehghan MM, Masoudifard M, Mohammadi E, Ashrafi Tama I: The report of Salmonella typhimurim in Natrix natrix: detection and identification by culture and multiple PCR methods. In, Wibbelt G, Kretzschmar P, Hofer H, Seet S (Eds): Proceedings of the International Conference on Diseases of Zoo and Wild Animals 2009. pp.312-316, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, 2009.
24. Griffith AS: The susceptibility of the water (or grass) snake (Trepidonotus natrix) to the avian tubercle bacillus and to reptilian strains of acid-fast bacilli. J Hyg (Lond), 41 (3): 284-288, 1941.