Adnan AYAN, Ahmet Cihat ÖNER, Fatma ERTAŞ, Özlem ORUNÇ KILINÇ, Ayşe USTA

Babeziozisli Koyunlarda İmidokarb Uygulamasının DNA Hasarına Etkisi

hasarının belirlenmesi ve imidokarb uygulaması öncesi ve sonrası hasarın değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma materyali olarak babeziozis klinik belirti ve semptomları pozitif olan ve Giemsa boyama ve PCR yöntemleri ile tanısı doğrulanan 10 enfekte koyundan alınan kan örnekleri ve 10 sağlıklı koyundan alınan kan örnekleri kullanıldı. Enfekte hasta grubu ve kontrol grubundan hastalık sırasında ve tedavi sonrasında alınan kan örneklerinden comet testi ile DNA hasarı incelendi ve sonuçlar istatistiksel yöntemlerle karşılaştırıldı. Babeziozis tanısı konulan hasta hayvanlarda DNA hasarı incelendiğinde kuyruk uzunluğu ve kuyruk momenti değerleri kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu (P

Effect of Imidocarb on DNA Damage in Sheep with Babesiosis

n this study, it was aimed to determine the DNA damage using the comet assay, which specifically shows DNA damage in naturally Babesia spp.-infected sheep and to evaluate the damage before and after imidocarb application. Blood samples obtained from 10 infected sheep with positive clinical signs and symptoms of babesiosis and whose diagnosis was confirmed by Giemsa staining and PCR methods, and blood samples from 10 healthy sheep were used as study material. DNA damage was examined by the comet assay from the blood samples of the infected patient group and the control group obtained during the disease and after the treatment, and the results were compared with statistical methods. When DNA damage was examined in sick animals diagnosed with babesiosis, the tail length and the tail moment values were found to be statistically significantly higher than the control group (P

PDF

___

1. Mehlhorn H: Babesiosis, Animals. In, Mehlhorn H (Ed): Encyclopedia of Parasitology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540- 48996-2_340
2. Esmaeilnejad B, Rajabi S, Tavassoli M, Rashnavadi M, Seif F, Aligolzadeh A, Khoshnejad A: Evaluation of inflammatory biomarkers in goats naturally infected with Babesia ovis. Parasitol Res, 119, 4151-4158, 4151, 2020. DOI:10.1007/s00436-020-06829-7
3. Guan G, Chauvin A, Luo J, Inoue N, Moreau E, Liu Z, Gao J, Thekisoe OMM, Ma M, Liu A, Dang Z, Liu J, Ren Q, Jin Y, Sugimoto C, Yin H: The development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for detection of Babesia spp. infective to sheep and goats in China. Exp Parasitol, 120 (1): 39-44, 2008. DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2008.04.012
4. Hashemi-Fesharki R, Uilenberg G: Babesia crassan. sp. (Sporozoa, Babesiidae) of domestic sheep in Iran. Vet Q, 3 (1): 1-8, 1981. DOI: 10.1080/ 01652176.1981.9693787
5. Matijatko V, Mrljak V, Kiš I, Kučer N, Foršek J, Živičnjak T, Romić Ž, Šimec Z, Ceron JJ: Evidence of an acute phase response in dogs naturally infected with Babesia canis. Vet Parasitol, 144, 242-250, 2007. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.10.004
6. Duzgun A, Wright IG, Waltisbuhl DJ, Gale KR, Goodger BV, Dargie JD, Alabay M, Cerci H: An ELISA for the diagnosis of Babesia ovis infection utilizing a synthetic, Babesia bovis derived antigen. Vet Parasitol, 39, 225- 231,1991. DOI: 10.1016/0304-4017(91)90039-x
7. Bai Q, Liu G, Liu D, Ren J, Li X: Isolation and preliminary characterization of a large Babesia sp. from sheep and goats in the eastern part of Gansu Province, China. Parasitol Res, 88 (13 Suppl. 1): S16-S21, 2002. DOI: 10.1007/ s00436-001-0563-6
8. Rizk MA, AbouLaila M, El-Sayed SAES, Guswanto A, Yokoyama N, Igarashi I: Inhibitory effects of fluoroquinolone antibiotics on Babesia divergens and Babesia microti, blood parasites of veterinary and zoonotic importance. Infect Drug Resist, 11, 1605-1615, 2018. DOI: 10.2147/IDR. S159519
9. Schnittger L, Yin H, Jianxun L, Ludwig W, Shayan P, Rahbari S, Voss-Holtmann A, Ahmed JS: Ribosomal small-subunit RNA gene- sequence analysis of Theileria lestoquardi and a Theileria species highly pathogenic for small ruminants in China. Parasitol Res, 86, 352-358, 2000. DOI: 10.1007/s004360050680
10. Ekici OD, Isik N: Investigation of the cardiotoxicity of imidocarb in lambs. Revue Méd Vét, 162 (1): 40-44, 2011.
11. Cemeli E, Baumgartner A, Anderson D: Antioxidants and the Comet assay. Mutat Res, 681, 51-67, 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2008.05.002
12. Kubota K, Lee DH, Tsuchiya M, Young CS, Everett ET, Martinez- Mier EA, Snead ML, Nguyen L, Urano F, Bartlett JD: Fluoride induces endoplasmic reticulum stress in ameloblasts responsible for dental enamel formation. J Biol Chem, 280, 23194-23202, 2005. DOI: 10.1074/jbc. M503288200
13. Sardas S: Genotoxicity tests and their use in occupational toxicology as biomarkers. Indoor Built Environ, 14, 521-525, 2005. DOI: 10.1177/ 1420326X04059286
14. Dinçer Y, Akcay T, Ilkova H, Alademir Z, Ozbay G: DNA damage and antioxidant defense in peripheral leukocytes of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Mutat Res, 527, 49-55, 2003. DOI: 10.1016/s0027- 5107(03)00073-3
15. Öner AC, Dede S, Yur F, Öner A: The effect of vitamin C and vitamin E on DNA damage, oxidative status, and some biochemical parameters in rats with experimental fluorosis. Fluoride, 53 (1-2): 154-163, 2020.
16. Esmailnejad B, Dalir-Naghadeh B, Tavassoli M, Asri-Rezaei S, Mahmoodi S, Rajabi S, Aligolzadeh A, Akbari H, Morvaridi A: Assessment of hepatic oxidative damage, paraoxonase-1 activity, and lipid profile in cattle naturally infected with Babesia bigemina. Trop Anim Health Prod, 53, 219, 2021. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02662-x
17. Chiorcea-Paquim AM, Oliveira-Brett AM: DNA electrochemical biosensors for in situ probing of pharmaceutical drug oxidative DNA damage. Sensors (Basel), 21 (4): 1125, 2021. DOI: 10.3390/s21041125
18. Alkis ME, Akdag MZ, Dasdag S: Effects of low-intensity microwave radiation on oxidant-antioxidant parameters and DNA damage in the liver of rats. Bioelectromagnetics, 42 (1): 76-85, 2020. DOI: 10.1002/bem.22315
19. Abdul Salam SF, Thowfeik FS, Merino EJ: Excessive reactive oxygen species and exotic DNA lesions as an exploitable liability. Biochemistry, 55, 5341-5352, 2016. DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00703
20. Chen J, Chen X, Yang K, Xia T, Xie H: Studies on DNA damage and apoptosis in rat brain induced by fluoride. Chin J Prev Med, 36, 222-224, 2002.
21. Chiou SP, Yokoyama N, Igarashi I, Kitoh K, Takashima Y: Serum of Babesia rodhaini infected mice down regulates catalase activity of healthy erythrocytes. Exp Parasitol, 132, 327-333, 2012. DOI: 10.1016/j. exppara.2012.08.004
22. Değer Y, Ertekin A, Değer S, Mert H: Lipid per antioxidant potential of sheep liver infected naturally with distomatosis. Türkiye Parazitol Derg, 32, 23-26, 2008.
23. Ince S, Kozan E, Kucukkurt I, Bacak E: The effect of levamisole and levamisole + vitamin C on oxidative damage in rats naturally infected with Syphacia muris. Exp Parasitol, 124 (4): 448-452, 2010. DOI: 10.1016/j. exppara.2009.12.017
24. Esmaeilnejad B, Tavassoli M, Asri-Rezaei S, Dalir-Naghadeh B, Malekinejad H, Jalilzadeh-Amin G, Arjmand J, Golabi M, Hajipour N: Evaluation of antioxidant status, oxidative stress and serum trace mineral levels associated with Babesia ovis parasitemia in sheep. Vet Parasitol, 205 (1-2): 38-45, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.07.005
25. Collins AR: The Comet assay for DNA damage and repair. Principles, applications, and limitations. Mol Biotechnol, 26, 249-261, 2004. DOI: 10.1385/MB:26:3:249
26. Speit G, Hartmann A: The Comet assay. In, Henderson DS (ed). DNA repair protocols. Methods Mol Biol, 314: 2006. DOI: 10.1385/1-59259-973- 7:275
27. Yur F, Yazar M, Değer Y, Dede S: Na + /K+ ATPase activity in sheep with natural Babesiosis. Acta Vet Brno, 79, 233-236, 2010. DOI: 10.2754/ avb201079020233
28. Orunç Kılınç Ö, Başbuğan Y, Yüksek N, Atcalı T: Relationships between hepsidin levels in some hematological and biochemical parameters in sheep with natural babesioisis. Van Vet J, 29 (1): 47-50, 2018.
29. Schorn S, Pfister K, Reulen H, Mahling M, Silaghi C: Occurrence of Babesia spp., Rickettsia spp. and Bartonella spp. in Ixodes ricinus in Bavarian public parks, Germany. Parasit Vectors, 4:135, 2011. DOI: 10.1186/1756- 3305-4-135
30. Boutet-Robinet E, Trouche D, Canitrot Y: Neutral Comet assay. Bioprotocol, 3 (18): e915, 2013. DOI: 10.21769/BioProtoc.915
31. Esmaeilnejad B, Tavassoli M, Dalir-Naghadeh B, Samiei A, Rajabi S, Mohammadi V, Anassori E, Ehteshamfar S: Status of oxidative stress, trace elements, sialic acid and cholinesterase activity in cattle naturally infected with Babesia bigemina. Comp Immunol Microb Infect Dis, 71:101503, 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101503
32. Jackson AL, Loeb LA: The contribution of endogenous sources of DNA damage to the multiple mutations in cancer. Mutat Res, 477 (1-2): 7-21. 2001. DOI: 10.1016/s0027-5107(01)00091-4
33. Esmaeilnejad B, Tavassoli M, Samiei A, Abbasi A, Shafipour A, Esmaeilnejad N: Histopathological changes and oxidative damage in hepatic tissue of rats experimentally infected with Babesia bigemina. Pol J Vet Sci, 21 (3): 517-524, 2018. DOI: 10.24425/124285
34. Küçükkurt I, Ciğerci IH, İnce S, Kozan E, Aytekin İ, Eryavuz A, Fidan AF: The effects of babesiosis on oxidative stress and DNA damage in Anatolian Black goats naturally infected with Babesia ovis. Iran J Parasitol, 9 (1): 90-98, 2014.
35. Ostling O, Johanson KJ: Microelectrophoretic study of radiation induced DNA damages in individual mammalian cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 123, 291-298, 1984. DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(84)90411-x
36. Singh NP, McCoy MT, Tice RR, Schneider EL: A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Exp Cell Res, 175 (1): 184-191, 1988. DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(88)90265-0
37. Zhang H, Wang Z, Huang J, Cao J, Zhou Y, Zhou J: A novel thioredoxin-dependent peroxiredoxin (TPx-Q) plays an important role in defense against oxidative stress and is a possible drug target in Babesia microti. Front Vet Sci, 7:76, 2020. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00076
38. Rashid A, Khan JA, Khan MS, Rasheed K, Maqbool A, Iqbal J: Prevalence and chemotherapy of babesiosis among Lohi sheep in the Livestock Experiment Station, Qadirabad, Pakistan and environs. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis, 16 (4): 587-591, 2010. DOI: 10.1590/S1678- 91992010000400008
39. Ijaz M, Rehman A, Ali MM, Umair M, Khalid S, Mehmood K, Hanif A: Clinico-epidemiology and therapeutical trials on babesiosis in sheep and goats in Lahore, Pakistan. J Anim Plant Sci, 23 (2): 666-669, 2013.
40. Ehimiyein AM, Abdullahi SU, Ayo JO, Okubanjo OO, Balogun EO: Ameliorative effects of alpha-lipoic acid and imidocarb dipropionate on clinico-haematological changes induced by experimental Babesia canis vogeli infection in dogs. Comp Clin Pathol, 28, 1119–1135, 2019. DOI: 10.1007/s00580-019-0