Mengting ZHU, Yifan XIE, Heng YANG, Manjun 1 ZHAI, ? Zongsheng 1 ZHAO

Analysis of Chromosome Karyotype and Banding Patterns of Chicken, Quail, and Their Hybrids

To explore the incompatibility of hybrids between chickens and quails at the chromosome level, in the present study, chickens, quails, and their hybrids were selected and their chromosome karyotype and banding patterns were analyzed. The methods used comprised pre paring chromosomes from air-dried peripheral blood lymphocytes, the embryo method, G-banding, and C-banding techniques. The result revealed that the number of chromosomes (2n) of chicken, quail, and their hybrids was 78, with 10 pairs of macrochromosomes and 29 pairs of microchromosomes; however, there were some remarkable differences in chromosome morphology. There were significant differences in G-banding patterns between chickens, quails, and their hybrids, among which chickens chromosomes were divided into 32 zones with 155 bands, including 71 positive bands. The quails were divided into 28 zones, with 138 bands, including 61 positive bands. C-band analysis showed that the C-band of chickens, quails, and their hybrids were present on all W-sex chromosomes in all female fission phases and were deeply stained. The combined analysis of the karyotypes and different genotypes of chickens, quails, and their hybrids could provide a reference to accelerate the breeding process.

Tavuk, Bıldırcın ve Hibritlerinin Kromozom Karyotipleri ve Bantlanma Modeli Analizi

Tavuk ve bıldırcınlar arasındaki hibritlerin kromozom düzeyinde uyumsuzluğunu araştırmak için, bu çalışmada, tavuklar, bıldırcınlar ve melezleri seçilmiş ve bunların kromozom karyotipi ve bantlanma modelleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, havada kurutulmuş perifer kan lenfositlerinden kromozomların hazırlanması, embriyo metodu, G-bantlanma ve C-bantlanma teknikleri kullanıldı. Tavuk, bıldırcın ve hibritlerinin kromozom sayılarının (2n), 10 çift makrokromozom ve 29 çift mikrokromozoma sahip olmak üzere 78 olduğu ancak kromozom morfolojileri bakımından bazı önemli farklılıkların olduğu belirlendi. Tavuk, bıldırcın ve hibritleri arasında G-bantlanma modelinde anlamlı fark olduğu tespit edildi. Tavuk kromozomları 71 pozitif bant içeren toplam 155 banta sahip 23 bölgeye ayrılmaktaydı. Bıldırcınlarda 61 pozitif bant içeren 138 banta sahip 28 bölge bulunmaktaydı. C-bant analizi, tavuk, bıldırcın ve hibritlerinin C-bantlarının tüm dişi füzyon fazında tüm W-seks kromozomlarında mevcut olduğunu ve derinlemesine boyandığını gösterdi. Tavuk, bıldırcın ve hibritlerinin karyotip ve farklı genotiplerin birlikte analizi yetiştiricilik sürecinde referans olarak kullanılabilir.

PDF

___

1. McFarquhar AM, Lake PE: Artificial Insemination in quail and the production of chicken-quail hybrids. J Reprod Fertil, 8, 261-263, 1964.

2. Suzuki T, Obara Y, Tsuchiya K, Oshida T, Iwsa MA: Ag-NORs analysis in three species of red-backed voles, with a consideration of generic allocation of anderson’s red-backed vole. Mamm Study, 39 (2): 91-97, 2014. DOI: 10.3106/041.039.0204

3. Ortega MT, Foote DJ, Nees N, Erdmann JC, Bangs CD, Rosenfeld CS: Karyotype analysis and sex determination in Australian Brush-turkeys (Alectura lathami). PLoS ONE, 12 (9): e0185014, 2017. DOI: 10.1371/journal. pone.0185014

4. Thorneycroft HB: Chromosomal Polymorphism in the White-Throated Sparrow, Zonotrichia albicollis (Gmelin). Science, 154 (3756): 1571-1572, 1966. DOI: 10.1126/science.154.3756.1571

5. Kuchta-Gladysz M, Grabowska-Jaochimiak A, Szeleszczuk O, Szczerbal I, Kociucka B, Niedbała P: Karyotyping of Chinchilla lanigera Mol. (Rodentia, Chinchillidae). Caryologia, 68 (2): 138-164, 2015. DOI: 10.1080/00087114.2015.1032576

6. Clagett-Dame M, Knutson D: Vitamin A in reproduction and development. Nutrients, 3, 385-428, 2011. DOI: 10.3390/nu3040385

7. Wojcik E, Smalec E: Constitutive heterochromatin in chromosomes of duck hybrids and goose hybrids. Poult Sci, 96, 18-26, 2017. DOI: 10.3382/ ps/pew318

8. Shi HL, Zhang C, Wu M, Li PQ, Dong YW, Pang YH, Liu HM, Fang XT, Gao JG, Zhu BC: A study on the karyotype, C-banding and Ag-NORs in Rana nigromaculata. Yi Chuan, 28 (5): 533-539, 2006.

9. Xu Q, Chen GH, Zhang XY, Wang XG, Ji BH, Li BC, Wu XS: Karyotypes and G-banding patterns of quail. Yi Chuan, 26 (6): 865-869, 2004.

10. Sichova J, Volenikova A, Dinca V, Nguyen P, Vila R, Sahara K, Marec F: Dynamic karyotype evolution and unique sex determination systems in Leptidea wood white butterflies. BMC Evol Biol, 15:89, 2015. DOI: 10.1186/ s12862-015-0375-4

11. Matsubar K, Knopp T, Sarre, SD, Georges A, Ezaz T: Karyotypic analysis and FISH mapping of microsatellite motifs reveal highly differentiated XX/XY sex chromosomes in the pink-tailed worm-lizard (Aprasia parapulchella, Pygopodidae, Squamata). Mol Cytogenet, 6:60, 2013. DOI: 10.1186/1755- 8166-6-60

12. Fairbairn DJ, Kiseliova O, Muir S: Variation in chromosome numbers and the sex determination system in the Gerromorpha with special reference to the family Gerridae (Hemiptera). Aquat Insect, 37 (2): 127-144, 2016. DOI: 10.1080/01650424.2016.1167222

13. Jønsson KA, Fabre PH, Kennedy JD, Holt BG, Borregaard MK, Rahbek C, Fjeldsa J: A supermatrix phylogeny of corvoid passerine birds. Mol Phylogenet Evol, 94, 87-94, 2016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.08.020

14. Hooper DM, Price TD: Rates of karyotypic evolution in Estrildid finches differ between island and continental clades. Evolution, 69 (4): 890- 903, 2015. DOI: 10.1111/evo.12633

15. Albertson DG, Sherrington P, Vaudin M: Mapping nonisotopically labeled DNA probes to human chromosome bands by confocal microscopy. Genomics, 10 (1): 143-150, 1991. DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(91)90494-Y

16. Batool T, Farooq S, Roohi N, Mahmud A, Usman M, Ghayas A, Ahmad S: Effect of different dietary lysine regimens on meat quality attributes in varieties of indigenous aseel chicken. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 24 (5): 639-645, 2018. DOI: 10.9775/kvfd.2018.19523

17. Graves JAM: How Australian mammals contributed to our understanding of sex determination and sex chromosomes. Aust J Zool, 64 (4): 267-276, 2016. DOI: 10.1071/ZO16054

18. Christensen K, Smedegård K: Chromosome marker in domestic pigs C-band polymorphism. Hereditas, 88 (2): 269-272, 1978. DOI: 10.1111/ j.1601-5223.1978.tb01629.x

19. Griffin DK, Robertson LBW, Tempest HG, Skinner BM: The evolution of the avian genome as revealed by comparative molecular cytogenetics. Cytogenet Genome Res, 117, 64-77, 2007. DOI: 10.1159/000103166

20. Deng C, Qin R, Gao J, Co Y, Li SGao W, Lu L: Identification of sex chromosome of spinach by physical mapping of 45s rDNAs by FISH. Caryologia, 65 (4): 322-327, 2012. DOI: 10.1080/00087114.2012.760879

21. Smith CA: Rowley review. Sex determination in birds: A review. Emu, 110 (4): 364-377, 2010. DOI: 10.1071/MU10030

22. Marija SP, Vucicevic M, Jasna B, Jevrosima S, Dimitrijevic V, Radmila R, Stanimirovic Z: Molecular sex determination of 20 bird species protected in The Republic of Serbia. Acta Vet, 63 (1): 45-51, 2013. DOI: 10.2298/AVB1301045S

23. Itoh Y, Hori T, Saitoh H, Mizuno S: Chicken spindling genes on W and Z chromosomes: transcriptional expression of both genes and dynamic behavior of spindlin in interphase and mitotic cells. Chromosome Res, 9 (4): 283-299, 2001. DOI: 10.1023/A:1016694513051

24. Kawamoto M, Koga H, Kiuchi T, Shoji K, Sugano S, Shimada T, Suzuki Y, Katsuma S: Sexually biased transcripts at early embryonic stages of the silkworm depend on the sex chromosome constitution. Gene, 560 (1): 50-56, 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.01.036

25. Mank JE, Ellegren H: All dosage compensation is local: Gene-bygene regulation of sex-biased expression on the chicken Z chromosome. Heredity, 102, 312-320, 2009. DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2008.116

26. Du Y, Lin J, Lan L, Dong Y, Zhu J, Jiang W, Pan X, Lu Y, Li D, Wang L: Detection of chromosome abnormalities using current noninvasive prenatal testing: A multi-center comparative study. Biosci Trends, 12 (3): 317-324, 2018. DOI: 10.5582/bst.2018.01044