Dış Politikada İstihbaratın Önemi ve Etkileri: ABD ve 2003 Irak Savaşı Örneği

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD) 2003 Irak Savaşı’na giden süreçte istihbaratı savaş kararı alınması sürecinde bir araç olarak kullanmıştır. Çalışmada, istihbarı bilgilerin hem savaşın karar alma süreçlerine hem de savaşın sonuçlarına olan etkileri incelenmektedir. 20 Mart 2003’te başlayan Irak Savaşı'na giden süreçte doğrudan bir silahlı harekâtın gerekliliği ABD tarafından üzerinde en çok durulan konulardan biri olmuştur. Bu durumun ABD açısından en önemli sebebi, kitle imha silahlarıyla (KİS) ilgili -resmî belgelerle de açıklanan- istihbarı bilgilerin olduğudur. Ayrıca KİS, ABD tarafından hem kendi topraklarını hem de müttefiklerinin topraklarını tehdit eden önemli bir güvenlik sorunu olarak görülmektedir. 2003 Irak Savaşı öncesi istihbarı bilgilerin özensiz kullanımı sonucu meydana gelen 11 Eylül Saldırıları, dönemin ABD hükümetinin dış politikasında alınan kararlarda istihbarata olan bakış açısını ve ABD'nin kurumsal istihbarat yapısını değiştirmiştir. Bu kapsamda çalışma, 2003 Irak Savaşı'nda -özellikle dış politikanın oluşturulmasında- istihbaratın etkin bir araç olarak nasıl kullanıldığını sonrasında cevap vermeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İstihbarat, Dış Politika, ABD, 2003 Irak Savaşı, Irak.

The Importance and Effects of Intelligence in Foreign Policy: The Case of the USA and the 2003 Iraq War

It is seen that intelligence information was used as one of the tools of the war by the United States of America (USA) in the decision-making process leading up to the 2003 Iraq War. In this study, the effects of this intelligence information used in the war on both the processes of the war and the results of the war are examined. In the process leading up to the 2003 Iraq War, the necessity of a direct armed operation was one of the most emphasized issues by the USA. The most important reason for this situation for the USA is that there is intelligence information about weapons of mass destruction (WMD), which is also disclosed in official documents. In addition, WMD is seen as an important security problem by the USA, threatening both its territory and the territory of its allies. The September 11 attacks, which occurred as a result of the careless use of intelligence information before the 2003 Iraq War, changed the perspective of the US government on intelligence in the foreign policy decisions of the period and the corporate intelligence structure of the US. In this context, the study aims to answer how intelligence was used as an effective tool in the 2003 Iraq War, especially in the formation of foreign policy.

Keywords:

Intelligence, Foreign Policy, US, 2003 Iraq War, Iraq. ,

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