OSMANLI YAHUDİLERİNDE MİLLİYETÇİLİK: 1914'E KADAR SİYONİZM

Osmanlı Devleti'nde Yahudiler farklı coğrafi bölgelerde yaşamış, farklı dillerde konuşmuş, farklı kültüre sahip olmuşlar. Bu sebepler Osmanlı Yahudileri içerisinde milliyetçilik fikrinin doğmasını engellemiş, Siyonizm fikri onlara Avrupalı Yahudilerden gelmiştir. Siyonistler Osmanlı Yahudileri üzerinde nüfuz sahibi olmak için Hahambaşılık ve Alliance Israelite Universelle ile rekabete girmişler. Dolayısıyla Osmanlı'da en ilk anti-Siyonistler de, yine Yahudiler arasından çıkmıştır. Selanik'in nüfusunun yarısı Yahudi olduğu için Siyonistler burada çok aktif olmuşlardır. Zaman içerisinde propaganda için burada spor merkezleri, okullar, kulüpler, basın yayın organları ve benzeri kuruluşlar oluşturmuşlardır. Siyonistler Genç Türkler içerisinde çok aktif olmuş, birkaç Yahudi milletvekili olmuştur. Nitekim 1908'deki devrimden sonra Siyonizm her alanda çok ilerlemiştir. Ancak 1914 itibariyle Siyonistlerle İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti'nin arası açılmıştır.

Nationalism in the Ottoman Jews: Zionism until 1914

Nationalism in the Ottoman Jews: Zionism until 1914 Within the boundaries of the Ottoman Empire, Jews lived in different geographical regions, spoke different languages, and had different cultures. These reasons prevented the emergence of the idea of nationalism among the Ottoman Jews and the idea of Zionism came to them from the European Jews. Zionists competed with the Foundation of Hakhambashi and Alliance Israelite Universelle in order to have influence over the Ottoman Jews. Thus, the first antiZionsits in Ottoman Empire come from the Jews themselves. Zionists were very active in Thessaloniki because the half of the population of this city were Jews. In time, they established here sport centers, schools, clubs, publications and press institutions and similar organizations for propaganda. Zionists were very active among the Young Turks and there were several Jewish parliamentarians. In fact, after the revolution in 1908 Zionism made huge progress in every area. However, by 1914 Zionists grew away from Committee of Union and Progress.

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