Ortadoğu ve Kuzey Afrika ülkelerinin rantiyeci ekonomi yapıları

Rantiyeci Devlet Teorisine göre; ülke gelirlerinin yüzde 40’tan fazlasını ülke dışından ve tek kaynaktansağlaması, o ülkenin rantiyeci bir yapıya sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Doğal kaynak rantı,dünyagenelinde en fazla Ortadoğu ve Kuzey Afrika (MENA) bölgesinde temin edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada,MENA bölgesindeki doğal kaynaklardan (petrol, doğalgaz v.b.) elde edilen rantın, iktisadi ve siyasietkileri ele alınmaktadır. MENA ülkelerindeki doğal kaynak rantının etkileri, doğal kaynak fiyatartışlarının ve düşüşlerinin yaşandığı dönemlerde politik ekonomi modellere göre karşılaştırmalı olarakanaliz edilmiştir. Karşılaştırmalı analizde MENA ülkeleri rantiyeci ve rantiyeci olmayan ülkeler olarakiki gruba ayrılmıştır. Rantın ülkeler üzerindeki etkileri; sosyo-ekonomik gelişim, iktisadi özgürlük vesosyal devlet uygulamaları gibi göstergelerle incelenmiştir. Ortadoğu’da yer alan rantiyeci devletlerinkurumsal yapıları, günümüzde de, İbn-i Haldun’un sözünü ettiği asabiyetçilik (sosyal dayanışma)anlayışına dayanmaktadır. Kurumsal yapının değişmesi için, toplumsal olarak girişimci bir anlayışıortaya çıkaracak politikaların uygulanması gerekmektedir.

The rentier economic structures of the Middle East and North Africa countries

According to the theory of the “rentier state”, a rentier state is defined as a state that is dependent uponexternally generated revenues which make up of more than forty percent of its total income, and onlyfrom a single resource. On global scale, natural resource rent is provided mostly from the Middle Eastand North Africa (MENA) countries. This study examines the political and economical effects of thenatural resource (oil, gas etc.) rents in the MENA region. The effects of the natural resource rents areanalyzed in accordance with political economy models on country basis by comparing the periods whenthe natural resource prices are rising and are going down. In this comparative analysis, the MENAcountries are divided into two categories as the rentiers and non-rentiers. The consequences of rentiereconomics on these countries are analysed by using such indicators as socio-economic development,economic freedom and welfare state policy. The institutional structures of these rentier states in theMiddle East are still based on Ibn-Khaldun’s notion of “asabiyyah” (social cohesion). For the change inthe institutional structures, the states are required to implement the policies that would introduce a newunderstanding of social entrepreneurship in their societies.

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