Stratejik Grup Üyeliği ile Performans İlişkisi: Bankacılık Sektöründe Bir Araştırma

Amaç – Çalışmanın amacı, stratejik grupların belirlenmesi ve stratejik grup üyeliği ile performans arasındaki ilişkilerin araştırılmasıdır. Yöntem – Araştırma, Türkiye bankacılık seköründe, 2006-2015 yıllarını kapsayacak şekilde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında ilk olarak, bankaların stratejik davranışlarında homojen oldukları zaman dilimlerini ifade eden, durağan stratejik zaman periyotları tespit edilmiş ve her bir periyotta sektördeki stratejik gruplar tanımlanmış, ardından dört performans değişkenine göre- ROA, ROE, şube başına kar ve personel başına kar- bankaların performansları ölçülmüş ve grup üyeliğiperformans ilişkileri incelenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, stratejik grupların belirlenmesi için kümeleme analizi, hipotezlerin test edilmesi için tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA), Mann Whitney-U ve Kruskall Wallis testleri kullanılmıştır. Tüm analizler SPSS paket programı ile gerçekleştirilmiş ve %95’lik güven düzeyinde yorumlanmıştır. Bulgular – Bulgular, hem stratejik gruplar arasında, hem de aynı stratejik grup içerisinde yer alan bankalar arasında anlamlı performans farklılıkları olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ancak gruplar arası farklılıklar, grup içi farklılıklardan anlamlı derecede fazladır. Son olarak grup üyeliğindeki değişim, bankaların performansını olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir. Ancak bu sonuç istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildir. Tartışma – Stratejik grup kavramı, “Neden bazı firmalar diğerlerine göre üstün performans gösterir?” sorusuna yeni bir analiz düzeyi kazandırmış ve firma performansının en önemli açıklayıcılarından biri haline gelmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, stratejik grup üyeliğinin firma performansını etkilediğini kanıtlamıştır. Bununla birlikte, bulgular bankacılık sektöründe endüstriyel örgüt teorisinin önermelerinin geçerli olduğunu göstermiştir. Başka bir deyişle, firmalar arası performans farklılıklarını açıklamada firmaya özgü faktörlerden çok stratejik grup üyeliği etkili olmuştur.

Strategic Group Membership and Performance Relationship: A Research in the Banking Industry

Purpose – The aim of the study is to examine strategic groups and to investigate the relationship between group membership and performance. Design/methodology/approach – The research has been conducted in the Turkish banking industry, covering the years 2006-2015. First, stable strategic time periods, which indicate the time periods banks are homogeneous in their strategic behaviour, are determined and the strategic groups in the industry are defined in each period, then according to four performance variables-ROA, ROE, profit per branch and profit per employee- performance of banks is measured and group membership-performance relationship is examined. Accordingly, cluster analysis is used to determine strategic groups, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Mann Whitney-U and Kruskal Wallis tests are used to test the hypotheses. All analysis are carried out with the SPSS package program and interpreted at a %95 confidence level. Findings – The findings reveal significant performance differences among strategic groups within the industry and also the banks within the same strategic group. However, differences between groups is significantly higher than differences within groups. Finally, change in group membership negatively affects the performance of banks. However, this result is not statistically significant. Discussion – Strategic group concept has brought a new level of analysis to the question “Why do some firms outperform others?” and become one of the most important descriptors of firm performance. Findings proves that strategic group membership affetcts firm performance. However, findings show that the propositions of industrial organization theory are acceptable in banking industry. In other words, strategic group membership is more effective than firm-specific factors in explaining performance differences between firms.

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