Contamination of Dioxins in Foods
Contamination of Dioxins in Foods
Dioxin and dioxin-like compounds are complex chemical materials occurring as intermediates and byproducts
during the production process of chlorination in many chemical industries. Dioxins can conserve
their stable chemical structure in natural environment due to their hydrophilic physical character and low
solubility in water. They accumulate in both food and living body because they have lipophilic physical
character that makes them be able to dissolve only in fatty tissue, their catabolism can occur only at higher
temperatures. Since the mechanism of disintegration in the living body is so difficult, dioxins lead to
many adverse effects on human health and cause diseases such as cancers, chloroacne, wasting syndrome,
growing abnormalities, congenital anomaly etc. It is very important to determine the presence and levels
of the dioxin complex compounds in both ecosystem and industrial processes according to the statutory
legislation for protecting the health of living beings and preventing environmental pollution.
___
- [1] Arıkan, D., Yetim, H., Sağdıç, O., Kesmen, Z.
2009. Dioxin contamination in food and its effects
on human health. Journal Of Food Technologies,
12, 9-15.
- [2] M. Van den Berg, L.S. Birnbaum, M. Denison,
M. De Vito, W. Farland, M. Feeley, H. Fiedler,
H. Hakansson, A. Hanberg, L. Haws, M. Rose,
S. Safe, D. Schrenk, C. Tohyama, A. Tritscher, J.
Tuomisto, M. Tysklind, N. Walker, R.E. Peterson,
2005 re-evaluation of human and mammalian
genetic equivalence factors for dioxin and dioxinlike
compounds of the World Health Organization,
Toxicology. Science. 93 (2006) 223–241.
- [3] RN. Hoover. Dioxin dilemmas, J Natl Cancer
Inst., 91:745-746, 1999.
- [4] G. Bröker, P. Bruckmann, H. Gliwa, Study
of dioxin sources in North Rhine-Westphalia,
Chemosphere, 38 (8): 1913-24, 1999.
- [5] Carcinogenic substances in chicken feed, (no
date)
http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/id/25167591/received
from the address.
- [6] The additives used in products covered
within the scope of this communiqué must be in
compliance with Annex 1 of this communiqué and
2nd section of the “Turkish food Codex regulation”,
29.12.2011 date ve 28157 Number Official Gazette
(no date)
http://www.gkgm.gov.tr/mevzuat/kodeks/kodeks_
yonetmelik/bulasanlar_yonetmelik.htmlreceived
from the address.
- [7] J. Tuomisto, T. Vartiainen and J.T. Tuomisto,
Synopsis on Dioxins and PCBs, National Institute
for Health and Welfare, (no date)
http://www.thl.fi/thl-client/pdfs/81322e2c-e9b6-
4003-bb13-995dcd1b68cbreceived from the
address.
- [8] P. Boffetta, K.A. Mundt, H.O. Adami, P. Cole,
J.S. Mandel, TCDD and cancer: a critical review
of epidemiologic studies, Crit. Rev.Toxicol., 41(7):
622-36, 2011.
- [9] F. Şahbaz, J. Acar. Dioxins and the Dioxin
contamination possibility on Foods, Food, 18 (4)
243-245, 1993.
- [10] Dioksin Danger; Are the dioxins the most
dangerous chemical in our environment? (no date)
http://en.opasnet.org/w/Are_the_dioxins_
the_most_dangerous_chemicals_in_our_
environment%3Freceived from the address.
- [11] Yalçın, H., 2015. Dioxin and polyclinic
biphenyls. Clinics In Turkey, J Food Hyg Technol
– Special Topics., 1, 38-47.
- [12] O. Çiftçi, Investigation of dioxin and similar
compound levels in the butter consumed in elazığ
and its environments, Fırat UniversityJournal of
Health Care, 22(5):289-292, 2008.
- [13] Lau, O. W. and Wongb, S. K. 2000.
Contamination in food from packaging material. J.
of Chromatography A, 882 (1-2), 255-270.
- [14] Hişmioğulları, Ş.E, Hişmioğulları, A.A.,
Aşkar, Kontaş, T. 2012. Toxic effects of dioxin
and similar chemicals. Balıkesir Journal of Health
Care, 1, 23-27.
- [15] Baytok, E., Bingöl, N.T. 2013. The toxins that
enter our food table and our lives: dioxin. Journal
of YYU Vet., 24, 45-49.
- [16] Vural H., 1995. Dioxin and furan isomers in
terms of food pollution. Ecology Environment
Derg., 15, 45-49.
- [17] Güneş G. 2007. Dioxin and furan formation
mechanisms and removal technologies. Master’s
Thesis. Yildiz Technical University, Graduate
School Of Natural And Applied Sciences,
Department Of Environmental Engineering.
İstanbul.
- [18] Güler, Ü.A, Kundakçı, Ö. 2014. The effects
of dioxin and similar compounds on human and
environmental health, Karaelmas Journal of
Science and Engineering, 4, 71-75.
- [19] Gürsoy, O. 2001. Dibenzodioxin (PCDDs) and
furan ( PCDFs) compounds and their importance
in milk and products. Journal of Engineering, 2,
234-241.
- [20] Ulaszewska, M.M., Zuccato, E., Davoli, E.
2011. PCDD /Fs and Dioxin-Like PCBs in human
milk and estimation of infants’ daily intake: A
review. Chemosphere, 83, 774-782.
- [21] Sun, S.J., Zhao, J.H., Liu, H.J., Liu, D.W.,
Ma, Y. X., Li, L., Horiguchi, H., Uno, H., Iida, T.,
Koga, M., Kiyonari, Y., Nakamura, M., Sasaki, S.,
Fukatu, H., Clark, G.C.,Kayama, F. 2006. Dioxin
concentration in human milk in Hebei Province
in China and Tokyo, Japan: Potential dietary risk
factors and determination of possible sources.
Chemosphere, 62, 1879-1888.
- [22] Şahbaz, F., Acar, J. 1993. Dioxin and dioxins
are likely to infect food. Hacettepe University
Faculty of Engineering Department Of Food
Engineering, 18, 243-245.
- [23] Uçar, Y. 2015. The effect of yogurt and kefir
fermentation on dioxins, furans, polychlorinated
biphenyls and indicator polychlorinated biphenyls,
Ankara University Institute of Science and
technology, Ph.D. thesis, 97 s.
- [24] Uçar, Y., Traag, W., Immerzeel, J., Kraats, C.,
Van der Lee, M., Hoogenboom, R., Van der Weg,
G., Celik Cakirogullari, G., Oymael, B., Kilic,
D. 2011.Levels of PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PBDEs
in butter from Turkey and estimated dietary
intake from dairy products. Food Additives and
Contaminants, Part B Vol. 4, No. 2, 141–151.
- [25] Shimadzu GCMS ApplicationNote GCMSTQ8030
(SCA_280_079) Quantitative analysis of
Dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinatedp-
Dibenzofurans (PCDF) in food and feed with the
tandem mass spectrometer (03/05/2018)
https://www.chromnews.com/tr_tr/optimizeedilmis-
eser-seviyede-dioksin-analiziyle-gidazincirini-
koruma-ve-mevzuata-uyumluluksaglama/
received from the address.
- [26] Anonymous, 2000 (03/05/2018)
http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/health_consumer/library/
pub/ pub08_ en.pdf received from the address.