Avrupa Birliği’nin Otoriterlik Sınavı: Macaristan Örneği

Öz 2010 yılı itibariyle, Macaristan’da gittikçe artan bir şekilde otoriter bir siyasi yapı gözlenmektedir. Başbakan Viktor Orbán’ın yönetiminde ki Fidesz hükümeti, seçimlerde çoğunluğu alarak, anayasal değişiklikleri partinin amaçları doğrultusunda yapabilmekte, medya organlarını yine parti çıkarlarına göre yönlendirmekte ve muhalifleri susturmaktadır. Demokrasiye şekil veren hatta başka ülkelerde demokrasinin desteklenmesini isteyen Batı bu kez kendi içerisinde yükselen otoriterlikle mücadele etmek zorunda kalmıştır. Bu çalışmamızda, Avrupa’da yükselen otoriterlik ve AB’nin tutumunu ele alacağız. Çalışmamızda, otoriterlik üzerine söz konusu literatürü değerlendirdikten sonra Macaristan’da yükselen otoriterlik konusuna örneklerle değineceğiz. Zaman zaman Türkiye ile karşılaştırma yaptığımız çalışmamızda örnek vaka incelemesi (case study) gerçekleştirdik. Çalışmamız tamamıyla doküman analiz yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu açıdan, Venedik Komisyonu ve Avrupa Konseyi raporları dikkate alınarak vaka incelemesi yapılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, otoriterliğin sadece Batı dışı ülkelerde değil aynı zamanda Batı içinde olabileceği vurgulanmış ve AB’nin otoriterliği durdurma veya engelleme hususunda yeterli tedbirler alamadığı belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Otoriterlik, Macaristan, Avrupa Birliği, İnsan Hakları, Turkey

Test of the European Union with Authoritarianism: Hungary

As of 2010, there is an increasing authoritarian political structure in Hungary. Winning the elections, the Fidesz government led by Prime Minister Viktor Orbán makes constitutional amendments in line with the party's purposes, guides the media outlets according to its interests, and silences the opponents. The West, which supports democracy even in other countries, has had to struggle with rising authoritarianism within itself. In this study, the rising authoritarianism in Europe and the position of the EU is examined. The study deals with the issue of authoritarianism in Hungary after evaluating the literature on authoritarianism. In the present study, which includes some comparisons with Turkey, a case study has been carried out. It has been conducted through document analysis method, taking into account the reports published by the Venice Commission and Council of Europe. As a result, it is emphasized how the EU remains weak in preventing authoritarianism and that authoritarianism can be not only in non-Western countries but also in the West.

Keywords:

Authoritarianism, Hungary, Turkey, European Union, Human Rights,

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