Özel Yetenekli Öğrencilerin Doğal Sayılarla Dört İşlem Gerektiren Problem Kurma Becerilerinin İncelenmesi

Bu araştırmada özel yetenekli öğrencilerin doğal sayılarla dört işlem gerektiren problem kurma becerilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada, nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden betimsel araştırma modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, Türkiye’nin Doğu Anadolu Bölgesindeki bir ilde bulunan, bilim ve sanat merkezinde öğrenim görmekte olan 25 ilkokul dördüncü sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak, doğal sayılarla dört işleme yönelik altı maddeden oluşan Problem Kurma Formu kullanılmıştır. Öğrencilerin kurdukları problemler, anlamsal yapılarına göre analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre, özel yetenekli öğrencilerin doğal sayılarla dört işlem gerektiren farklı anlamsal yapılara sahip problemler kurdukları görülmüştür. Ancak, doğal sayılarla dört işlem türüne göre problemlerde bazı anlamsal yapıların daha sık kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Buna göre, özel yetenekli öğrencilerin kurdukları problemlerde, toplamanın birleştirme, çıkarmanın ayırma, çarpmanın tekrarlı toplama, bölmenin ise paylaşma anlamının en sık kullanılan anlamsal yapılar olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, bazı öğrencilerin problem kurma durumlarında istenilen dört işlemin dışında diğer işlemlere yönelik problem kurma, alıştırma yazma, yanıt verememe, mantık hataları yapma gibi sorunlar yaşadıkları belirlenmiştir. Araştırma bulguları ışığında, özel yetenekli öğrenciler için geliştirilecek farklılaştırılmış matematik dersi öğretim programlarında farklı anlamsal yapılar içeren problem kurma etkinliklerine yer verilmesi önerilmektedir. Daha sonra yapılacak araştırmalarda özel yetenekli öğrencilerin problem kurma becerilerinin yaratıcılık bağlamında incelenmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

problem kurma, matematik eğitimi, Özel yetenekli öğrenciler, matematiksel özel yeteneklilik, matematik eğitimi

Investigation of Gifted Students’ Problem Posing Abilities Requiring Arithmetical Operations with Natural Numbers

This study aimed to investigate gifted students’ problem posing abilities requiring arithmetical operations with natural numbers. In the present study, the descriptive research model has been used which is one of the quantitative research methods. The research sample was composed of 25 fourth grade primary school students. All of the students were studying in science and arts center located in a province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. In the study, Problem Posing Form, consisting of six items for arithmetical operations with natural numbers was used as data collection tool. The problems posed were analyzed according to the semantic structures. According to the findings, it was determined that gifted students posed problems using different semantic structures that requiring arithmetical operations with natural numbers. However, it was determined that some semantic structures were used more frequently in problems. Accordingly to this, it has emerged as most frequently used semantic structures in problems, join for addition, separation for subtraction, repeated addition for multiply and sharing for division operations. Also, it was determined that some gifted students experienced problems such as using different arithmetical operation, writing the exercises, not responding, and making logical mistakes. In the light of findings, it has recommended that problem posing activities involving different semantic structures should be included in differentiated mathematics curriculum to be developed for gifted students. It is suggested to investigate gifted students’ problem posing abilities in the context of creativity in later studies.

Keywords:

Gifted students, mathematically giftedness, problem posing, mathematics education.,

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