Reşat ACAR, Selim ŞENGÜL, Serkan ŞENOCAK

Dağlık Havzalarda Kar Birikmesine ve Erimesine Etki Eden Parametrelerin HSPF Model Programıyla İncelenmesi ve Erzurum Kırkgöze Havzası Örneği

Özellikle dağlık bölgelerde kar erimelerinden meydana gelen akışlar hidrolojik döngünün ve su temininin en önemli elemanlarından biridir. Taşkınların kontrolü, su kuvveti tesisleri, çığ tehlikeleri veya tarım, sanayi ve günlük yaşam için su temini gibi konularda değerlendirme yapabilmek için, özelikle yönetim ve karar verme modellerinin eklendiği entegre havza simülasyon modelleri oldukça önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, kavramsal yapıdaki karmaşık bir model olan ve temelde sadece Amerika Birleşik Devletleri sınırları içindeki havzaların modellenmesine olanak sağlayan Hydrological Simulation Program Fortran (HSPF) model programının Türkiye’de kar erimesinin etkili olduğu dağlık havzalara uygulanabilirliği incelenmiştir. Kar erimesinin etkili olduğu bir havzanın modellenmesinde, HSPF modeli Türkiye’de ilk defa kullanılmıştır. Çalışma alanı olarak seçilen Kırkgöze Havzası’nda 2454 m rakımında, güney bakısında kurulan otomatik meteoroloji ve kar gözlem istasyonundan elde edilen veriler kullanılarak, enerji dengesi metodolojisi ile karın birikme ve erime süreçlerine etki eden parametreler belirlenmiştir. Bu parametreler kullanılarak kurulan modelde, meteoroloji istasyonunda ölçülen ve simüle edilen kar su eşdeğerleri ve kar yükseklikleri değerlendirildiği zaman çok iyi bir benzetimin sağlanmış olduğu gözlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

HSPF modeli, entegre havza modeli, kar modellemesi, enerji dengesi, kırkgöze havzası

The Investigation of Parameters Affecting the Snow Accumulation and Melt on Mountainous Basins by Using HSPF Model Program and a Case Study of Erzurum Kırkgöze Basin

Snowmelt ows, particularly resulting from mountainous regions, is one of the most important element in the hydrological cycle and water supply. Management and decision making models added integrated watershed simulation models have great signi cance to make evaluations such as ood control, hydroelectric power generation, avalanche hazards and water supply for agriculture, industry or daily life issues. In this study, the applicability of snowmelt modeling for the mountainous basins in Turkey where snowmelt is effective by using the Hydrological Simulation Program Fortran (HSPF) model program that is a conceptual structure, complex model and supported only for the watersheds in the United States of America was investigated. HSPF model was used for the rst time in Turkey for the modeling of a watershed dominated by snowmelt. Energy balance methodology is used for determining the effective parameters of accumulation and melting processes. The data were obtained from the automatic meteorology and snow observation station, established at 2454 m altitude having a southern aspect in Kırkgöze Basin. A very good correlation was observed both between the measured and simulated snow water equivalents and snow heights at the meteorological station by using these parameters in the model.

Keywords:

HSPF model, integrated basin management model, snow modeling, energy balance, kirkgöze basin,

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