İrshad ALI, Mohammad Masood TARIQ, Masroor Ahmad BAJWA, Ferhat ABBAS, Ghous Bux ISANI, Ghulam Hussain SOOMRO, Abdul WAHEED, Khalidullah KHAN

Balochistan, Pishin Süt Sığırcılık Çiftliğinde Yarı-Entansif Koşullarda Holştayn Irkı Sürülerinin Performans Analizi Üzerinde Bir Çalışma

Bu çalışma, Siyah-alaca sığırlarının ergin yaş, ilk gebe kalma yaşı, ilk buzağılama yaşı, gebelik başına tohumlama sayısı, servis periyodu, gebelik süresi, buzağılama aralığı, kuruda kalma period, laktasyon uzunluğu ve süt verimi gibi verim ve üreme performanslarını değerlendirmek için yürütülmüştür. Balochistan’da (Pakistan) bulunan Pishin devlet üretme çiftliğinde yarı entansif koşullarda yetiştirilen 100 Siyah Alaca sığırının 6 laktasyonuna ait veriler 1980-1994 yılları boyunca toplanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçları, düvelerin ergin yaşını 650.10±5.67 gün, ilk gebe kalma yaşının 633.82±10.44 gün, ilk buzağılama yaşının 912±13.11 gün, gebelik başına tohumlama sayısının 2.89±0.10, servis periyodunun 133.79 gün, gebelik süresinin 275.35±0.59, buzağılama aralığının 409.17 gün, kuruda kalma süresinin 113.19 gün ve laktasyon süresinin 320.14±11.14 gün olduğunu göstermiştir. Genel ortalaması 3992.41±16.20 lt olan süt veriminin 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., ve 6. laktasyon ortalamaları sırasıyla; 3773.42±15.77, 3793.86±14.39, 3948.37±14.91, 4108.31±15.62, 4304.08±16.42 ve 4022.40±11.35 lt olarak bulunmuştur. Tüm özelliklerin sonuçları önemli varyasyon göstermekle birlikte sadece gebelik başına tohumlama sayısı, servis periyodu ve gebelik süresi parametreleri bakımından önemli farklılıklar bulunmuştur (P

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Laktasyon süresi, Siyah Alaca süt verimi, Kuruda kalma süresi

A Study on Performance Analysis of Holstein-Friesian Cattle Herd under Semi-Intensive Management at Pishin Dairy Farm Balochistan

The present study was conducted to evaluate the productive and reproductive performance i.e., ageat maturity, age at first conception, age at first calving, services per conception, service period, gestation period,calving interval, dry period, lactation length and milk yield of Holstein-Friesian cattle. The data on six lactations of100 Holstein-Friesian cattle (in each lactation) herd reared under semi-intensive management at Government DairyFarm Pishin, Balochistan, Pakistan were collected during 1980-1994. Results of the study showed that overall averages,age at maturity heifers was 650.10±5.67 days, age at first conception was 633.82±10.44 days, age at first calving912±13.11 days, services per conception 2.89±0.10, service period 133.79 days, gestation period 275.35±0.59days, calving interval 409.17, dry period 113.19 days and lactation length 320.14±11.14 days. Averages of the milkyield for 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th lactations were found as: 3773.42±15.77, 3793.86±14.39, 3948.37±14.91,4108.31±15.62, 4304.08±16.42 and 4022.40±11.35 liters, respectively with an overall average of 3992.41±16.20liters. The results of all traits showed variation however, services per conception, service period, gestation periodparameters were only significantly different (P<0.05). Season of calving affected on milk yield, lactation length,calving interval and dry period on the performance of the Holstein-Friesian cattle herd.Results reflected that productive and reproductive traits of Holstein-Friesian cattle in the present study were lowto moderate compared to the findings of previous researchers. Therefore, it is necessary to improve managementalpractices at the farm for better reproductive and productive traits.

Keywords:

Holstein-Friesian cattle Lactation length, Milk yield, Dry period,

PDF

___

Anonymous (Bashir, A. S. Khan, A. Manan and Abdullah), 1996. Milk: lifeline of a nation. The daily Dawn, March 22, 1996, Karachi.
Azam, M., Chaudhry, R.A., Ahmad, N., Khan, I.H., 2001. Studies on the reproductive efficiency of Bhagnari cattle in Baluchis- tan. Pakistan Vet. J., 21(1): 1-5.
Basu, S.B., Gupta, K., 1974. Milk production in relation to age and season in Indian dairy cattle. International dairy congress, National dairy research institute, Karnal, India. Anim. Breed. Abst. 44:3084,1976.
Chaudhry, M.Z., Ahmad, M., 1994. Performance of crossbred and Sahiwal cows under optimum feeding and management con- ditions. Pakistan Vet. J., 14(3): 155-159.
Cheema, A.A., 1985. Reproductive performance of Holstein- Friesian cows kept at Quetta, MSc. Thesis Department Animal Reproduction. Faculty of Vet. Sci. University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
Dabduab, S.K., Misra, N.K., 1988. Milk production in pure bred Friesian, Sharbi and crossbreds in Northern Iraq. Mesopota- minia Journal of Agriculture, 20(3): 175-192.
Gogoi, D.N., Goswami, R.N., Das, D., 1993. First lactation perfor- mance of Jersey, Red Sindhi and their F1 crosses under the farm conditions of Assam. Indian J. Anim. Sci., 63(5): 569- 572.
Gual, L.F., 1982. Effect of origin and lactation of herd on milk yi- eld, days open and calving interval in Mexico, Madrid, Spain, Editrial garsi, 247-250. Anim.Breed. Abst.51:(4784) 1983.
Haq, A.U., Chaudhry, R.A., Rahil, T., Ahmad, N., Jabbar, R.A., 1993. Reproductive efficiency of Holstein Friesian and Jersey cows maintained at Livestock Experiment Station, Bhunikey (Pattoki), Punjab. Annual report, Res. Inst. Physiol. Anim. Reprod., Bhunikey (Pattoki), Distt. Kasur, Pakistan, pp: 24- 34.
Juma, K.H., Saad T.R., Tikriti, A., 1990. Performance of Brown Swiss and Friesian cattle in central Iraq. Proceeding of 4th world congress on genetics applied to Livestock production Edinburg UK, 23-27 July,.
Juneja, I.J., Sastry, N.S.R., Yadav, B.L., 1991. Performance of pu- rebred herd of Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cows in the semi- arid region. Indian J. Anim. Prod. Management, 7: 240-241.
Kakar, M.A., Ahmad, M., 2004. An over-view of livestock in Ba- lochistan (2003-2004). Livestock and Dairy Development De- partment Balochistan, Quetta 40-85.
Khan, M.S., Rehman, Z., Khan, M.A., Ahmad, S., 2008. Genetic resources and diversity in Pakistani Cattle. Pakistan Vet. J. 28(2):95-102.
Mangurkar, B.R., Phandis, Y.P., Pande, A.B., 1987. First lactation performances of imported Canadian Holstein-Friesian and Jersey heifers in India. World Rev. Anim. Prod., 23: 27-32.
Morsy, M.A., Nigm, A.A., Sadek, R.R., El-Rawy, A., 1986. Some production characteristics of Friesian and Jersey cattle in Lib- ya. Egyptian J. Anim. Prod., 26: 15-34.
Mustafa, M.I., Latif, M., Bashir, M.K., Ahmad, B., 2003. Repro- ductive performance of Red Sindhi cattle under hot and humid environment of Balochistan province of Pakistan. Pakistan Vet. J., 23(2): 66-72.
Njubi, D., Rege, J., Thorpe, W., Collins-Lusweti, E., Nyambaka, R., 1992. Genetic and environmental variation in reproductive and lactational performance of the Jersey cattle in the coastal lowland semi-humid tropics. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 24: 231-241
Oliveria, F.M.D.E., 1975. Some factors effecting milk production of Holstein-Friesian herd. Thesis, Universidade Fedral de Minas garais Brazil.
Osman, A., Kassim, H., 1983. Lactational performance of imported Australian Friesian in Malaysia under zero grazing Japneese Socity of Zoo-technical Sci.881-882. Anim. Breed. Abst. 53 (5634), 1985.
Ozbeyaz, C., Kucuk, M., Colakoglu, N., 1996. Fertility of Swiss Brown cattle at the Malya State farm. Lalahan Hayvancilik Arastirma Enstitusu Dergisi. 36(2): 1-17.
Pakistan Economic Survey, 2008-2009. Government of Pakistan, Finance Div. Economic Advisor’s Wing, Islamabad.
Parmar, O.S., Dev, D.S., 1978. Additive and non-additive genetic effects for some economic traits in Holstein-Friesian x Sahi- wal crosses. Indian Journal of Dairy Science. 31: 316-320.
Perez, B.O., Ronda, R., 1983. Effect of climatic factors on the ser- vice period in Holstein-Friesian cattle. Anim. Breed. Abst. 51:808.
Rafique, M., Chohan, K.R., Chaudhry, Q.Z., 2000. Factors affecting age at maturity and age at first conception in Holstein-Friesian x Sahiwal crossbreds. Pakistan Vet. J., 20(1): 40-42.
Saha, D.N., Parekh, H.K.B., 1988. Factors affecting reproductive traits in half and three-fourth crossbred cattle. Indian J. Dairy Sci., 41: 196-201.
Sandana, K.K., Basu, S.B., 1981. Productive performance of exotic breeds in India. Ind. J. DairySci. 34 (4):443-47.
Sattar, A., Mirza, R.H., Niazi, A.A.K., Latif, M., 2005. Productive and reproductive performance of Holstein-Friesian cows in Pakistan. Pakistan Vet. J., 25(2):75-81.
Sattar, A., Mirza, R.H., Ahmad, I., 2004. Reproductive efficiency of Jersey cows under subtropical conditions of the Punjab. Pakis- tan Vet. J., 24(3): 129-133
Sheikh, A.B., 1997. Performance evaluation of Holstein-Friesian herd under intensive management system (case study of Mas- tung) Balochistan, Pakistan. MSc. Thesis. Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
Snedecor, G.W., Cochran, W.G., 1989. Statistical Methods, Eighth Edition, Iowa State University Press.
Taj, G.R., 2001. Study on performance analysis of Holstein Friesi- an cattle under intensive management at Punjgoor cattle farm, Balochistan Pakistan. MSc thesis. Sindh Agriculture Univ., Tandojam Pakistan.