Çetrefilli Bir İlişki: Kentsel Dönüşüm ve Suç

Dezavantajlı mahallelerde yaşanan sorunları çözmek için sıklıkla başvurulan kentsel dönüşüm projelerinin en önemli faydasının suç oranlarını düşürmek olduğu iddia edilmektedir. Bu iddia nicel ve nitel araştırmaların odağı olmuştur. Fakat Sosyal Düzensizlik, Kırık Camlar ve Rutin Aktivite Teorilerinde temellenen araştırmaların sonuçları bu ilişki hakkında net bir resim çizmekten uzaktır. Nicel araştırmaların bulguları kentsel dönüşüm ve suç ilişkisinin zaman ve mekân bileşenlerinden bağımsız olarak kavranamayacağına işaret etmektedir. Bu ilişki zamana göre eğrisel bir örüntü göstermektedir. Kentsel dönüşümün suç oranları üzerindeki etkisini karmaşık hale getiren diğer bir unsur ise suçun mekânsal kaymasıdır. Yapısal faktörlere odaklanan nicel araştırmaların yanı sıra, kentsel dönüşümün mahalledeki sosyal ilişki ağlarını nasıl yeniden inşa ettiğine odaklanan nitel çalışmalar ise mikro düzeyde bu ilişkiyi anlamakta yardımcı olmaktadır. Kentsel dönüşümün başarısı yeni bir topluluk yaratmakta yatmaktadır. Fakat kentsel dönüşüm çoğu zaman var olan sosyal ağları tahrip etmekte ve yeni bir topluluk yaratma noktasında başarısız olmaktadır. Aynı mekânı paylaşan fakat paralel hayatlar yaşayan toplulukların oluşmasına neden olabilmektedir. Bu durum mahalle sakinlerini suça karşı savunmasız bırakabilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, mahalledeki kriminal ağları tahrip etmeyi hedefleyen kentsel dönüşüm suç oranlarını düşürmek yerine yükseltme ihtimaline sahiptir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kentsel dönüşüm, suç, sosyal ağlar, kriminal ağlar, mekânsal kayma., Urban regeneration, crime, social networks, criminal networks, the shift in space

A Conflicting Relationship: Urban Regeneration and Crime

It is argued that one of the most important benefits of urban regeneration projects implemented to solve the problems in disadvantaged neighborhoods is to reduce crime rates. This claim has been the subject of various quantitative and qualitative research. However, the results of research based on Social Disorganization, Broken Windows and Routine Activity Theories are far from drawing a clear picture of the direction of this relationship. The relationship shows a curvilinear pattern with respect to time. The spatial shift of crime makes it difficult to detect the impact of urban regeneration on crime. In addition to quantitative studies at the structural level, qualitative studies focusing on how urban regeneration affects the social networks in the neighborhood offer the opportunity to understand this relationship at the micro level. Urban regeneration often destroys existing social networks and fails to create a new community. It can lead to the formation of communities that share the same space but live parallel lives. This makes residents vulnerable to crime. Additionally, urban regeneration, which aims to destroy the criminal networks in the neighborhood, has the potential to increase crime rates rather than reduce them.

Keywords:

Urban regeneration, crime, social networks, criminal networks, the shift in space,

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ISSN: 1307-9905
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 4 Sayı
Başlangıç: 2010
Yayıncı: ADAMOR Araştırma Danışmanlık Medya Organizasyon Yayıncılık Ltd. Şti.