Değişen Babalık Rolü ve Erkek Sağlığına Etkileri

Doğum, kadının hayatı boyunca nadir yaşacağı önemli, özel ve heyecanlı bir deneyimdir. Bu deneyim, anneye benlik ve bütünlük, babaya güven ve otorite, aileye ise güç kazandırır; ancak her iki ebeveyne önemli rol ve sorumluluklar yükler. Bazı kültürlerde, gebelik ve doğum hala kadın işi olarak algılanmaya devam etmektedir. Baba adayları ise bu süreçte neredeyse yok sayılmıştır. Fizyolojik, ekonomik ve politik değişiklikler, eğitim, dini inançlar ve toplumsal cinsiyet algısı da cinsiyete ve ebeveynliğe dair beklentileri etkilemektedir. Son 30 yılda, dünyada babaların gebelik, doğum ve doğum sonu sü- reçlere katılım oranları artmasına rağmen, ülkemizde bu dönemlerde babaların sorumlulukları ve babalığın erkek sağlığına etkilerini konu alan araştırmalar oldukça sınırlıdır. Hemşire ve ebeler, toplumun kültürel değerlerini ve ebeveynlik algılarını ele alarak hizmet sunmalı, prenatal hizmetlerin kalitesinin artırılması için bütüncül bir bakım vermeli ve baba adaylarını da bakıma dahil etmeli, babalığın erkek ve aile sağlığına etkilerini bakım verirken tekrar düşünmelidir. Bu makalede; tarihsel süreçte babalık kavramı, babalık davranışı ile hormonların ilişkisi, gebelik, doğum ve doğum sonu dönemde babalık, babalığın erkek sağlığına etkileri gibi başlıklar ele alınmıştır.

The Changing Role of Fatherhood and Its Effects on Men s Health

Childbirth is one of the most important, special and exciting experiences which women experience in their lifetime. This experience provides self-respect and integrity to the mother and confidence and authority to the father, and it strengthens the whole family. However, childbirth assigns important roles and responsibilities to the parents. In certain cultures, pregnancy and childbearing are still perceived as a women s work. Prospective fathers are virtually ignored in that process. Psychological, economic and political changes, education, religious beliefs and social gender perceptions affect gender and parenting expectations just as much as the culture does. The researchers conducted over the last three decades on the responsibilities of fathers and the effects of fatherhood on men s health are quite limited in our country even while there has been an reasonable increase in the rates of their efforts to take part in the pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum processes. Nurses and midwives should give care in an integral way considering the sense of parenthood and cultural values of the society in order to increase the quality of their services. They must also include the prospective fathers into their care plan and reconsider the effects of fatherhood on men s and family health. In this article, fatherhood concepts in the historical context, the relationship between paternal behaviors and hormones, fatherhood during pregnancy, birth and post-partum, and the effects of fatherhood on men s health are discussed.

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