Düşük sıcaklık koşullarında fosfin fümigasyonunun bazı depolanmış ürün zararlısı böcekler üzerine etkisi

Depolanmış ürün zararlıları ile mücadelede yoğun şekilde sentetik fümigantlar kullanılmaktadır. Kullanılan bu fümigantların içinde fosfin gazı (PH3) önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu çalışmada fosfin gazının düşük sıcaklıklarda ki toksik etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla Pirinç biti [Sitophilus oryzae Linnaeus, 1763 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)], Un biti [Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)] ve Kırma biti [Tribolium confusum Jaquelin Du Val, 1868 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)]’nin erginleri 4, 9 ve 24 saatlik uygulama sürelerinde 150, 300 ve 600 ppm fosfin gaz konsantrasyonları ile 1 °C ve 2.5 °C’lik düşük sıcaklık koşularında ölüm oranları araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada T. castaneum ve T. confusum için 150 ppm dozda 4 saatlik uygulama süresinde ve 1 °C sıcaklık koşullarında sırasıyla % 61.06 ve % 78.15’lik ölüm oranı elde edilmiştir. Buna karşın bu değerde aynı koşularda S. oryzae için % 0.20’lik ölüm oranı elde edilmiştir. Çalışmalar 2019 yılı Zirai Mücadele Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Depolanmış Ürün Zararlıları laboratuvarında yürütülmüştür. Bu çalışma ile düşük sıcaklık altında fosfin gazı toksisitesinin uygulama süresi ve doz artışına paralel olarak arttığı ve her üç böcek türünde de mutlak ölümün sağlandığı ortaya konmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Depolanmış ürün zararlıları, Fosfin, Toksisite, Düşük sıcaklık

The effect of phosphine fumigation on some stored product pests at low-temperature conditions

Synthetic fumigants are extensively used for the control of stored product pests. Among these fumigants, phosphine gas (PH3) has an important role. In this study, the toxic effect of phosphine gas was investigated at low temperatures. For this purpose, adult stages of Rice weevil [Sitophilus oryzae Linnaeus, 1763 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)], Red flour beetle [Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)] and Confused flour beetle [Tribolium confusum Jaquelin Du Val, 1868 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)] were exposed to 150, 300 and 600 ppm phosphine gas concentrations at 4, 9 and 24 hours and 1 and 2.5 °C low temperatures. It was obtained that, at 150 ppm dose, 4 hours exposure period and 1 °C temperature conditions the mortality rates for T. castaneum and T. confusum 61.06 % and 78.15 %, respectively. On the other hand, only 0.20 % mortality rate was obtained for S. oryzae under the same conditions. The studies were carried out in the stored product pests laboratory of the Plant Protection Central Research Institute in 2019. It was revealed that the mortality rate increases in all three insect species with increasing exposure time and dose under low temperature conditions.

Keywords:

Stored product pests, Phosphine, Low temperature, Toxicity,

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