Evaporatör giriş-çıkış konumunun PV-T performansı üzerindeki etkisinin sayısal analizi

Küresel enerji tüketimindeki ve karbondioksit emisyonlarındaki artış, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına olan ilgiyi artırmaktadır. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının başında güneş enerjisi gelmektedir ve çalışma esnasında çeşitli sebeplerle hücre verimliliğinin düşmesi bu teknolojinin önündeki engeldir. Fotovoltaik hücrelerin çalışma sırasında sıcaklığının artması hücre veriminin düşmesine neden olmaktadır. Fotovoltaik hücre sıcaklığının kontrolü hem hücrelerin ekonomik ömrünü uzatmak hem de sistemin verimini artırmak açısından çok önemlidir. Akışkanın buharlaştırıcıya giriş ve çıkış konumunun ısı transferine etkisi bilinmektedir ancak PV-T (fotovoltaik-termal) sisteminin verimini artırmak için yürütülen çalışmalarda bu etki incelenmemiştir. Bu çalışmada, cebri hava sirkülasyonu ile soğutulan bir PV-T evaporatörün sistem verimlilik parametreleri ve COP (performans katsayısı) değerleri, HAD (hesaplamalı akışkanlar dinamiği) analizi ile incelenmiştir. Analizler, tek dizide, üç farklı debide (0.0125 kg/s, 0.0250 kg/s, 0.0500 kg/s), dokuz farklı buharlaştırıcıya giriş-çıkış pozisyonu (CC, CL, CR, RC, RL, RR, LC, LL, LR) ve 1000 W/m2 sabit radyasyon için yürütülmüştür. En iyi ve en kötü giriş-çıkış konumları arasında %20'nin üzerinde bir toplam verimlilik farkı ve %25'in üzerinde bir genel COP farkı olduğu belirlenmiştir. En yüksek toplam ve termal verim RR koşulu için, en yüksek elektriksel verim LR koşulu için elde edilmiştir ancak uzun vadede en yüksek verim LC tasarımı ile elde edilebilmektedir. Çalışmada ayrıca CL koşulu için en yüksek COP değerleri ve RR koşulu için en kötü COP değerleri hesaplanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

HAD, COP, Elektriksel verim, Fotovoltaik termal sistem, Termal verim

Numerical analysis of the effect of the evaporator inlet-outlet position on the PV-T performance

The increase in global energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions increase the interest in renewable energy sources. Solar energy is at the forefront of renewable energy sources, and the decrease in cell efficiency due to various reasons during operation is an obstacle to this technology. Increasing the temperature of photovoltaic cells during operation causes a decrease in cell efficiency. Control of photovoltaic cells temperature is crucial in terms of both prolonging the economic life of the cells and increasing the efficiency of the system. The effect of the evaporator inlet and outlet position of the fluid on the heat transfer is known, but this effect was not examined in the studies carried out to increase the efficiency of the PV-T (photovoltaic–thermal) system. In the current study, the system efficiency parameters and COP (coefficient of performance) values of a PV-T evaporator cooled by forced air circulation were investigated by CFD (computational fluid dynamics) analysis. The analyzes were carried out in a single array for three different flow rates (0.0125 kg/s, 0.0250 kg/s, 0.0500 kg/s) and nine different evaporator inlet-outlet positions (CC, CL, CR, RC, RL, RR, LC, LL, LR), constant radiation of 1000 W/m^2. It was determined that there is a total efficiency difference of over 20% and an overall COP difference of over 25% between the best and worst inlet-outlet positions. The highest total and thermal efficiency were obtained for the RR condition, and the highest electrical efficiency was obtained for the LR condition but in the long-term, the highest efficiency can be achieved with the LC design. In the study also the highest COP values were calculated for the CL condition and the worst COP values for the RR condition.

Keywords:

CFD, COP, Electrical efficiency, Photovoltaic thermal collectors, Thermal efficiency,

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