Gıda Biliminde Yeni Omik Teknolojileri

İnsan genomunun tümüyle dizisinin çıkarılması, sistem biyolojide omik teknolojileri denilen yeni bir çağ açmıştır. Omik terimi, biyolojik sistemlerin kapsamlı analizi olarak ifade edilmektedir. Yeni omik teknolojileri ve biyoinformatik araçlar, beslenme, gıda ve metabolizma arasındaki karmaşık ilişkinin araştırılması konusunda çok büyük bir potansiyel sunmaktadır. Son yıllarda çok çeşitli omik alt disiplinleri oluşmuş olup, her birinin kendine özgü bir takım araçları, teknikleri, belirteçleri ve yazılımları bulunmaktadır. Omik araçları ve teknolojileri, karmaşık biyolojik sistemlerin tanımlanabildiği deneysel yaklaşımları çarpıcı biçimde değiştirmiştir. Bu yeni araştırma alanlarını harekete geçiren omik teknolojileri, DNA ve protein mikrodizileri, kütle spektrometresi ve yüksek işlem hacimli analizlere imkân veren diğer birçok aracı kapsamaktadır. Bu sahadaki araştırmalar hücre, doku ve organizmaların genom, transkriptom, proteom ve metabolomunu inceler ve aralarındaki etkileşimi sorgular. Bu çalışmada, genomik, transkriptomik, proteomik ve metabolomikteki en son uygulamalar üzerinde yoğunlaşan, gıda araştırma alanındaki omik teknolojilerine genel bir bakış sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Genomik, transkriptomik, proteomik, metabolomik, sistem biyoloji

Novel Omics Technologies in Food Science (Turkish with English Abstract)

The complete sequencing of the human genome has ushered in a new era of systems biology referred to as omics technology. The term omics refers to the comprehensive analysis of biological systems. Novel omics technologies and bioinformatic tools offer enormous potential to research the complex relationship between nutrition, food and metabolism. In the recent years, a variety of omics subdisciplines have began to emerge, with their own set of instruments, techniques, reagents and software. 'Omics' tools and technologies have dramatically changed the experimental approaches by which complex biological systems can be characterized. The omics technology that has driven these new areas of research consists of DNA and protein microarrays, mass spectrometry and a number of other instruments that enable high-throughput analyses. An overview of omics technologies in food research, which focuses on recent applications of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics in food science, is presented in this paper.

Keywords:

Genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, system biology,

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