Eşik altı yoğunluğundaki egzersizin genç erkeklerde vücut yağ ve karbonhidrat yakım miktari ve oranı üzerine olan etkileri

Amaç: Bozulan substrat kullanım durumu obezite ve diyabet gibi metabolik hastalıklar ile yakından ilişkilidir. Egzersiz yoğunluğu substrat kullanımını belirleyen önemli faktörlerden birisidir. Bu çalışmada iş gücü yoğunluğunun düşük ve orta seviyelerine denk gelen maksimal iş kapasitesinin (Wmax) %45 seviyesindeki egzersizin yağ karbonhidrat kullanım oranı ve miktarları üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Toplam 10 sağlıklı erkek denek bisiklet ergometre ile yoruluncaya kadar devam eden artan yüke karşı yapılan egzersiz testine katıldılar. Farklı günlerde, her bir denek Wmax kapasitesinin %45 seviyesine denk gelen iş gücünde 30 dk süre ile sabit yük egzersiz testine katıldılar. Egzersiz sırasında, deneklerin O2 alım (VO2 ) ve CO2 atım (VCO2 ) değerleri solunumdan solunuma metabolik gaz analizörü ile ölçüldü. Substrat kullanım durumu solunum katsayısı (RQ: ΔVCO2 /ΔVO2 ) ile değerlendirildi. Yağ ve karbonhidrat yakım miktarları Frayn formülü ile belirlendi. Bulgular: Maksimal iş kapasitesi ve O2 alım değerleri 219±8 W ve 3.00±0.11 L/dk bulundular. Wmax değerini %45’ine gelen iş gücü 99±4 W olarak bulundu. RQ değeri 0.90±0.001 olup karışık yağ ve karbonhidrat kullanımını göstermektedir. Egzersiz sırasında ortalama (±SE) yağ ve karbonhidrat yakım miktarları sırası ile 0.246±0.002 gr/dk ve 1.577±0.009 gr/dk bulundular. Sonuç: Düşük ve orta egzersiz yoğunluğuna denk gelen Wmax değerinin %45’indeki (eşik-altı) egzersiz testleri klinik bilimlerince kabul edilen önemli bir yağ yakımına neden olmuştur. Bu nedenle, araştırmacılar veya klinisyenler yüksek yoğunluklu ve artmış metabolik stres oluşturmadan, düşük ve orta yoğunluktaki egzersiz uygulamaları ile yağ yakımını uyarabileceklerini göz önünde bulundurmaları gerekir.

Objective: Impaired substrate oxidation is closely related with metabolic diseases, including obesity and diabetes. Exercise intensity is one of the important factor on body substrate oxidations. In the present study we aimed to evaluate effects of exercise at 45% of maximal exercise capacity (Wmax) reflecting low-to moderate exercise intensity on rate and amount of fat and carbohydrate oxidations. Material and Methods: Total of 10 healthy male performed an incremental exercise test to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer. Then each subjects performed a constant load exercise test at their 45% of Wmax for 30 min on separate days. During exercise, the subjects O2 uptake (VO2 ) and CO2 output (VCO2 ) values were measured breath-by-breath using metabolic gas analyser. Substrate oxidation ratio is determined using respiratory quotient (RQ: ΔVCO2 /ΔVO2 ). The Frayn formula was used to estimate amount of fat and carbohydrate oxidation. Results: Wmax and VO2 peak were found to be 219±8 W and 3.00±0.11 L/min, respectively. The work protocol at 45% of Wmax was 99±4 W. The RQ was 0.90±0.001 reflecting mixed fat and carbohydrate oxidation ratio. During exercise mean (±SE) fat and carbohydrate oxidations were found to be 0.246±0.002 gr/min and 1.577±0.009 gr/min, respectively. Conclusion: Exercise performed at the 45% of Wmax (sub-threshold) reflecting low to moderate exercise intensity provide a clinically acceptably amount of fat oxidation. Thus, investigator or clinicians should be consider low to moderate exercise intensity to stimulate fat oxidation instead of higher exercise intensity that may cause elevated metabolic stress.

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