Kupe LİRİKA, Imeri ALMA, Cara MAGDALENA, Kurti DASHNOR

OHRİD GÖLÜNDEKİ SU KALİTESİNİN DEĞERLENDİRMESİNDE DİATOME VE MAKROFİT ENDEKSLERİNİN KULLANILMASI

Ohrid Gölünün ekolojik değerlendirmesinde biyomonitoring kullanılmıştır. Özellikle organik kirlilikle ilgili epileptik diatomlar ve sucul makrofitler dikkate almaktadır. Çalışmada, Ohrid Gölünde on örnekleme alanı seçilerek su kalitesinin biyoindikatörleri olarak diatome ve makrofit endekslerini karşılaştırması amaçlanmıştır. Bütün ikili organizma grupları, organik ve inorganik ötrofikasyon kirlilik eğilimlerine anlamlı bir cevap vermektedir. Sualtı makrofitler, çevrelerindeki besin maddesi konsantrasyonlarındaki değişikliklere karşı cevap vermektedir. Diatome gurubunun aksine, sualtı makrofitleri tortul tabakadan ve üzerindeki sulardan besin maddesi kullanma yeteneğine sahiptirler. Diatome türleri, su kimyası ve habitat yapısı için özel öneme sahiptirler. Bu çalışmada, daha çok epifitik ve oligotrofik türler ve tortu zemine doğru daha euplanktonic mezo ve/veya ötrofik türler (Achnanthidium pusillum, Aulacoseira ambigua gibi) görülmüştür. Diatomeler ve makrofitler bu yüzden fonksiyonu oldukları çevresel şartlarda bütünleşmiş gibi işlev görmektedirler ve böylece yüksek alan çözünürlüğüyle uzun dönem entegre edicileri olarak kullanılabilirler. Shannon Endeksi, mevsimler üzerinde bio-çeşitlilik varyasyonların kanıtlar ve deney yapılan diziler arasında bazı farklılıklar gözlenmiştir. Saprofik Endeksi oligo-β-mesosaprob için belirleyici olan küçük bir bant üzerinde dalgalanmaktadır. Trofik Diatome Endeksi TIDIA, Makrofit Endeksi (MI) ve Saprofit Endeksi (SI) aynı trendleri takip eder. Buda gösteriyor ki; toplulukların yapısı gerçek çevresel değişiklikleri yansıtmaktadır.

USE OF DIATOM AND MACROPHYTE INDEX TO EVALUATE THE WATER QUALITY IN OHRID LAKE

Ecological evaluation of Ohrid Lake is based in biomonitoring, especially in epileptic diatoms and aquatic macrophytes correlated with organic pollution and nutrient enrichment. Ten sampling sites were selected in the Ohrid Lake of Albanian side. This study aimed comparing diatoms and macrophytes indexes as bioindicators of Lake water quality. All two organisms groups showed significant response to eutrophication organic or inorganic pollution gradients. Submerged macrophytes respond to changes in the nutrient concentrations in their environment. In contrast to diatoms e.g., submerged macrophytes are capable of taking up nutrients from sediment and overlying water. Individual species of diatoms have specific preference to habitat and requirement for water chemistry. In this study, more epiphytic and oligotrophic species (such as Cymbella spp., Gomphonema clevei, G. gracile etc.) were appeared while more euplanktonic meso and/or eutrophic species toward sediment surface. Diatoms and macrophytes therefore function as integrators of environmental conditions to which they are subjected and thus can be used as long-term indicators with high spatial resolution. The Shannon Index gave evidence of biodiversity variations over the seasons and some differences between sampling sites. The Saprobic Index oscillated within a small band, indicative for oligo-β-mesosaprob to β-mesosaprob conditions. The Trophic Diatom Index TIDIA, Macrophyte Index (MI) and the Saprobic Index (SI) follow similar trends. This indicates that the structures of the communities reflect real environmental changes.

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