Ömer TORLAK, Veysel KULA, Şuayıp ÖZDEMİR

Türk İşletmelerinin İhracat Performansı Belirleyicileri

Bu araştırmada Türkiye'deki ihracatçı işletmelerin ihracat performans belirleyicilerinin tespit edilmesi amacıyla 581 ihracatçı işletmeden 2002 yılında anket yoluyla veri toplanmıştır. Analizler sonucunda ihracat performansının belirleyicisi olarak dört değişken test edilmiştir. (I) Firma özelliklerini, (2) işletmenin faaliyet gösterdiği sektörün ve (3) ihracat stratejisinin ihracat performansını etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Test edilen dördüncü değişken olan (4) "ihracat yapma biçimV'nin ise ihracat performansını etkilemediği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırına sonuçlarına göre işletmelerin bulunduğu coğrafi bölgelerin ihracattaki başarılar üstünde etkisi vardır. Marmara, Ege ve Akdeniz bölgelerinin ihracat başarıları diğerlerine göre daha yüksektir. Gıda ve tekstil sektörü gibi tüketim ürünlerin alanında faaliyet gösteren işletmelerin ihracat performansları endüstriyel ürünler ihracatına göre daha yüksektir. İhracatta başarı sağlamak için, bizzat yurt dışında örgütlenen işletmelerin ihracat performansı ile diğer şekillerde örgütlenen işletmelerin ihracat performansı arasında fark olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. İhracat başarısını artırmak farklı yöntemler kullanılarak mümkün olabilmektedir. Sürekli olarak yeni pazarlar arayan veya sürekli olarak ihracat yapan işletmelerin ihracat performansları, ihracata tesadüfi olarak başlayan işletmelere göre yüksek olmaktadır. İhracata zorunlu durumlar (kriz gibi) nedeniyle başlayan işletmeler, ihracatı artırma çabalarım sürekli hale getirmedikleri sürece başarıları da sürekli olmamaktadır.

Determinants of Export Performance for Turkish Businesses

This study investigates the determinants of export performance among Turkish companies. Drawn on data obtained from a swvey on 581 Turkish exporting companies in 2002. the study aimed at finding out the impacts of the follovvingfour variables on export performance: (l)fırm attributes, (2) sector, (3) export method. it was found that export method has no influence on export performance. it was found, however, that geographical location ofthefırm has impact on export performance. The companies in Marmara, Aegean and Mediterranean regions have superiority in export performance över the companies in other regions. The companies operating in consumer prodııcts sectors such as food and textile have higher export performance than industrial sector companies. There are no statistically significant differences in the export performances of the companies with export organizations abroad and the companies with other export organizations. Export performance can be enhanced by employing several procedures. The export performance of companies continually seeking far new markets and exporting perpetually is more than companies that started to export incidentally. The companies which are forced by external factor such as economic crises to export have no uninterrupted export performance until they continuously strive far increasing their export efforts.

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