İdil Esin ÜNLÜ, Oğuzhan DOĞAN, İlke KESER

EGZERSİZİN NİKOTİN, KOKAİN, METAMFETAMİN, OPİOİDLER VE ALKOL GİBİ MADDE BAĞIMLILIKLARINDAKİ YERİ

Madde bağımlılığı tüm dünyada milyonlarca kişiyi etkileyen küresel bir halk sağlığı sorunudur Madde bağımlılığı, ciddi psikiyatrik ve tıbbi sorunlara neden olarak, yaşam kalitesini olumsuz yönde etkiler. Madde bağımlılığı tedavisi, kullanılan maddenin türüne, kullanım süresine ve görülebilecek problemlere göre farklılık gösterebilir. Tedavi yaklaşımları kısa ve uzun vadeli tedavilerden oluşmaktadır. Egzersiz yaklaşımları hem kısa hem de uzun vadeli tedavide kullanılmaktadır. Egzersiz eğitimleri ile, fiziksel uygunluk ve fonksiyonel kapasite, psikolojik sağlık ve iyi olma hali, sosyal işlevsellik ve genel sağlık algıları dâhil olmak üzere yaşam kalitesi değişkenleriyle ilgili çeşitli yönler açısından belirgin iyileşmeler sağlandığı rapor edilmiştir. Egzersiz ile, dopamin homeostazı indüklenir, bu da madde kullanımının bırakılması ve nüksün önlenmesi açısından önemlidir. Bu derlemenin amacı; egzersizin nikotin, kokain, metamfetamin, opioidler ve alkol gibi farklı madde bağımlılıklarının neden olduğu nörofizyolojik değişiklikler üzerindeki etkilerine ilişkin çalışmaları derlemek ve madde kullanımının veya nüksünün önlenmesi açısından yoga, pilates, tai chi, qigong, grup egzersizleri, dans-hareket terapisi gibi aerobik egzersizlerin ve anerobik egzersizlerin etkinliğini incelemektir. Düzenli egzersiz ile bağımlılığın tedavisinde, bağımlılık davranışlarının azaltılmasında ve nüksün önlenmesinde başarılı sonuçlara ulaşılmaktadır. Bağımlı bireyler, bir egzersiz programını öncelik sırasına koymada ve devam ettirmede zorlanmaktadırlar. Ancak tedavinin bir parçası olarak egzersize oldukça olumludur. Literatür incelemesi sonunda egzersiz programlarına katılımı artırmak için bireylerin tercihlerini anlamak ve bireye özel düzenlemelerin gerekli olduğu düşünüldü.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Madde bağımlılığı, madde kullanım bozukluğu, egzersiz

SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND EXERCISE

Substance abuse is a global public health problem that affects millions of people all over the world. Substance abuse causes serious psychiatric and medical problems, negatively affecting the quality of life. Substance abuse treatment may differ according to the type of substance used, the duration of use, and the problems that may occur. Treatment approaches consist of short-term and long-term treatments. Exercise approaches are used in both short-term and long-term treatment. With exercise training, physical fitness and functional capacity, psychological health and well-being, social functioning and general health perceptions, including variables that are related quality of life is reported to have achieved significant improvements in terms of various aspects. With exercise, dopamine homeostasis is induced, which is important for the cessation of substance use and the prevention of relapse. The aim of this review is to compile studies on the effects of neurophysiological changes caused by different substance abuse such as nicotine, cocaine, methamphetamine, opioids and alcohol and to examine the effectiveness of aerobic exercises such as yoga, pilates, tai chi, qigong, group evercises, dance-movement therapy and anaerobic exercises. With regular exercise, successful results are achieved in the treatment of addiction, reducing addictive behaviors and preventing relapse. Addicted individuals have difficulty prioritizing and maintaining an exercise program. However, they are quite positive to exercise as part of treatment. After literatüre review it was thought that it is necessary to understand the preferences of individuals and to make individual-specific arrangements in order to increase participation in exercise programs.

Keywords:

Substance addiction, subtance use disorder, exercise,

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