PALEOLİTİK ÇAĞDA MEZARLAR ve ÖLÜM KAVRAMI

Tarih öncesi devirlerde ölüm kavramı ve mezar uygulamalarının en erken ne zamanbaşladığı ve ölülerini gömen ilk insanların bunu hangi amaçlarla yaptıkları tartışmalı birkonudur. Paleolitik Çağ’da yaşamış insanların sembolik dünyalarıyla ilişkilendirilen vemezar olarak tanımlanan buluntu alanları bu anlamda en çok dikkat çeken materyallerdir.Bu tür buluntu alanları Afrika, Asya ve Avrupa kıtalarında yer alan yerleşim yerlerindeen azından 100,000 yıl öncesinden bilinmektedir. Çalışmamız bu yerleşim alanlarındamezar olarak tanımlanmış buluntuları ve bunlarla ilişkili görünen diğer verileri eldekibilgiler ışığında değerlendirmek ve bunların açıklanmasında gerekli olan bazı önemlisüreçleri özetlemeyi amaçlar. Simgesel düşünce, din ve ritüel uygulamalarla daaçıklanmaya çalışılan paleolitik mezarları ve içlerinden çıkan buluntular, bu zamanlardayaşamış insanların soyut ve manevi dünyalarıyla ilgili birtakım ipuçları da vermektedir.Bu durum ‘simgesel düşünce’, ‘öteki dünya’ veya ‘din’ anlayışının çok erken zamanlardabaşlamış olabileceğine işaret eder. ‘Yamyamlık’, ‘kafatası kültü’ ve mezarlarda aşıboyası gibi bulgulardan yola çıkılarak açıklanmaya çalışılan ‘yeniden doğuş umudu’veya ‘ruh anlayışı’ gibi ortaya atılan daha pek çok kavram konunun önemini ortayakoyar. En erken mezar olarak tanımlanan bulgularla Orta Paleolitik (Mousterian)dönemde karşılaşılmakta ve Üst Paleolitik dönemde (Gravettian ve Magdelenianevrelerde) bunların çok daha karmaşık bir hal almaya başladıkları görülmektedir. Bubağlamda çalışmamızın kronolojik sınırlaması Paleolitik Çağ olarak belirlenmiştir. OrtaPaleolitik döneme tarihlenen anatomik açıdan modern görünümlü Homo sapiens veHomo neandertalensis ile ayrıca Üst Paleolitik dönemin sonlarına tarihlenen ve mezarolarak tanımlanan Homo sapiens buluntu alanları çalışmamız kapsamında ele alınmıştır.

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