Yağ İkame Maddesi Olestra ve Beslenme Açısından Önemi

Olestra, gıda endüstrisinde yağ ikame maddesi olarak bilinen sakkaroz polyesteridir. Ticari markaadı Olean’dur. Kalori ve enerji içermez. Bu nedenle hem hayvansal ve bitkisel yağlardan zengindiyetlerin tüketilmesi hem de fiziksel egzersiz yetersizliği sonucu günümüzün bir sağlık problemiolan obezite riskini azaltmada önemli bir yağ ikame maddesidir. Geleneksel katı ve sıvı yağlarabenzeyen tat, lezzet ve pişirme özelliğine sahiptir. Amerikan Gıda ve İlaç Dairesi (FDA) tarafındanolestranın kullanımı düşük yağ içerikli (paketlenmiş hazır tuzlu atıştırmalıklar, patlamış mısır vepatates cipsi gibi) sıınırlı sayıda gıdaların üretiminde kullanılmak üzere onaylanmıştır. Olestra ileilgili insan ve hayvanlar üzerinde çok sayıda yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda olumlu görüşler olsada olumsuz görüşlerde bulunmaktadır. Olestra, yağda eriyen vitamin A, D, E ve K’nın emilimineengel olmaktadır. Buna karşın, sindirim sisteminden emilemediğinden dolayı kilo ve serum kolestrol düzeyinde artış meydana gelmemektedir. Aynı zamanda olestranın toksik, karsinojenik, teratojenikve mutajenik etkisi bulunmamaktadır. Olestra, toprak ve atıklardan izole edilen aerobikmikroorganizma ve mantarların etkisiyle çevreden yok edilebilmektedir.

Fat Replacer Olestra and Its Importance in Nutrition

Olestra is a polyester of sucrose known as a fat substitute in the food industry. Thetrademark name is Olean. It does not contain any calori or energy. For this reason, it isan important fat substitute in reducing the risk of obesity, which is a significant healthproblem of current times, resulting from consuming diets rich in animal and vegetableoils and insufficient physical exercise. It has a taste, flavor and cooking propertiessimilar to the traditional fats and oils. The use of olestra has been approved by the USFood and Drug Administration (FDA) for the production of a limited number of foods withlow fat content (such as packaged ready-made salty snacks, popcorn and potato chips).Although there are positive opinions revealed from many studies carried on humans andanimals about olestra, there are also some negative opinions. Olestra prevents theabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K. However, as it is not absorbed fromthe digestive system, there is no increase in weight and serum cholesterol levels. Also,olestra does not have toxic, carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic effects. Olestra isdegradable in the environment by the effect of aerobic microorganisms and fungiisolated from soil and waste.

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