Kuru Göz Fare Modelinde Sığır Amniyotik Sıvısının Terapötik Etkisinin Bazı Klinik ve Histopatolojik Parametreler Yönünden Değerlendirilmesi
Bu çalışmada, kuru göz (KG) fare modelinde sığır amniyotik sıvısının (SAS) 4 farklıkonsantrasyonunun terapötik etkisinin bazı klinik ve histopatolojik parametreler yönündenaraştırılması amaçlandı. Çalışmanın materyalini rastgele ve eşit sayıda 6 gruba ayrılan 60 adetBALB/c ırkı dişi fare oluşturdu. Kontrol grubu hariç diğer 5 grubu oluşturan deneklerin her ikigözüne KG modeli oluşturmak amacıyla 14 gün süreyle günde 2 defa %0.2’lik BEK (benzalkonyumklorid)’den 5 µL damlatıldı. 15 ile 30. günler arasında ise II. gruba (KG grubu) %0.9’luk izotonikserum fizyolojik, III. gruba %20 SAS, IV. gruba %35 SAS, V. gruba %50 SAS, VI. gruba ise%100’lük SAS’tan günde 3 defa 5 µL damlatıldı. Tüm gruplar, çalışma boyunca göz kırpma sayısıve konjunktival goblet hücre sayısı; çalışma sonunda ise histopatolojik olarak korneal epitelyalkalınlık, korneal damarlaşma ve yangısal hücre sayısı parametreleri yönünden değerlendirildi.Çalışma sonunda en etkili sonuçlar, göz kırpma sayısı için %35, %50 ve %100 SAS, konjunktivalgoblet hücre sayısı için %35 SAS gruplarında alındı. KG grubu deneklerin korneal epitelyaltabakalarının kontrol grubuna göre belirgin şekilde inceldiği, korneal damarlaşma ve yangısal hücresayılarının ise arttığı saptandı. Bu parametrelere göre en etkili sonuçlar %35 ve %50 SASgruplarında alındı. Bu sonuçlar, SAS’ın orta ve yüksek konsantrasyonlarının KG’nin klinik vehücresel belirtileri üzerine faydalı etkileri olduğunu göstermektedir.
Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effect of Bovine Amniotic Fluid in Dry Eye Mouse Model in Terms of Some Clinical and Histopathological Parameters
In this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of 4 different concentrations of bovine amniotic fluid (BAF) in a dry eye (DE) mouse model in terms of some clinical and histological parameters. The material of the study consisted of 60 BALB/c female mice that were randomly divided into 6 groups with equal numbers. In both eyes of the other 5 groups except the control were instilled 5 µL 0.2% BAC BAC (benzalkonium chloride),, twice a day for 14 days in order to form a DE model. Between 15th and 30th days, group 2 (DE group) received 5 µL 0.9% isotonic saline, group 3 20% BAF, group 4 35% BAF, group 5 50% BAF and group 6 100% BAF, three times a day. All groups were evaluated regarding blink rate and conjunctival goblet cell count during the study. Corneal epithelial thickness, corneal vascularization and inflammatory cells count were assessed by histopathological examination in all groups at the end of study. At the end of the study, the most effective results were obtained in 35%, 50% and 100% BAF for the blink rate; and in 35% BAF groups for conjunctival goblet cell count. It was determined that the corneal epithelial layers of the DE group subjects were significantly thinner and corneal vascularization and inflammatory cell count were increased. According to these parameters, the most effective results were obtained in 35% and 50% BAF groups. These results suggest that moderate and high concentrations of BAF have beneficial effects on clinical and cellular symptoms of DE.
___
- Perry HD. Dry eye disease: pathophysiology,
classification, and diagnosis. Am J Manag Care 2008; 14:
79-87.
- Tavares Fde P, Fernandes RS, Bernardes TF, et al. Dry
eye disease. Semin Ophthalmol 2010; 25: 84-93.
- Almeida DED, Mamede FV, Ortiz JP, et al. Iatrogenic
keratoconjunctivitis sicca in a dog. Ciencia Rural 2004; 34:
921-924.
- Berdoulay A, English RV, Nadelstein B. Effect of topical
%0.02 tacrolimus aqueous suspension on tear production
in dogs with keratokonjunktivitis sicca. Vet Ophthalmol
2005; 8, 225-226.
- Foulks GN. Pharmacological management of dry eye in
the elderly patient. Drugs Aging 2008; 25: 105-118.
- Gayton JL. Etiology, prevalance, and treatment of dry eye
disease. Clin Ophthalmol 2009; 3: 405-412.
- Quinto GG, Camacho W, Castro-Combs J, et al. Effects of
topical human amniotic fluid and human serum in a mouse
model of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Cornea 2012; 31: 424-
430.
- Urzua CA, Vasquez DH, Huidobro A, et al. Randomized
double-blind clinical trial of autologous serum versus
artificial tears in dry eye syndrome. Curr Eye Res 2012;
37: 684-888.
- Quinto GG, Castro-Combs J, Li L, et al. Outcomes of
different concentrations of human amniotic fluid in a
keratoconjunctivitis sicca-induced mouse model. Int
Ophthalmol 2016; 36: 643-650.
- Yoon KC, Heo H, Im SK, et al. Comparison of autologous
serum and umbilical cord serum eye drops for dry eye
syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 2007; 144: 86-92.
- Xiao X, He H, Lin Z, et al. Therapeutic effects of epidermal
growth factor on benzalkonium chloride-induced dry eye in
a mouse model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53: 191-
197.
- Sukhanov S, Higashi Y, Shai SY, et al. IGF-1 reduces
inflammatory responses, suppresses oxidative stress, and
decreases atherosclerosis progression in ApoE-deficient
mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27: 2684-2690.
- Kumar A, Chandra RV, Reddy AA, et al. Evaluation of
clinical, antiinflammatory and antiinfective properties of
amniotic membrane used for guided tissue regeneration: A
randomized controlled trial. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2015; 12:
127-135.
- Aydin H, Saraçoğlu M, Kerimoğlu G, et al. Effects of
human amniotic fluid on posterolateral spinal fusion: An
experimental preliminary study. Eklem Hastalık Cerrahisi
2011; 22: 166-171.
- Karaçal N, Koşucu P, Cobanoglu U, et al. Effect of human
amniotic fluid on bone healing. J Surg Res 2005; 129: 283-
287.
- Gonenci R, Altug ME, Koc A, et al. Effects of Bovine
Amniotic Fluid on Acute Corneal Alkali Burns in the Rat.
Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 2009; 8: 617-
623.
- Esmaeili A, Abbasian B, Kazemini H, et al. Effect of bovine
amniotic fluid on intra-abdominal adhesion in male rats. Int
J Surg, 2010; 8: 639-642.
- Kilic S, Kulualp K. Efficacy of several therapeutic agents in
a murine model of dry eye syndrome. Comp Med 2016;
66: 112-118.
- Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral
Sciences. 2nd Edition, Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1988.
- Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G*Power 3: A
flexible statistical power analysis program for the social,
behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research
Methods 2007; 39: 175-191.
- IBM SPSS, IBM Corp. Released 2013. IBM SPSS
Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY: USA.
- Maitchouk DY, Beuerman RW, Ohta T, et al. Tear
production after unilateral removal of the main lacrimal
gland in squirrel monkeys. Arch Ophthalmol 2000; 118:
246-252.
- Barabino S, Dana MR. Animal Models of dry eye: A critical
Assessment of Opportunities and Limitations. Invest
Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004; 45: 1641-1646.
- Sullivan DA, Allansmith MR. Hormonal modulation of tear
volume in the rat. Exp Eye Res 1986; 42: 131-139.
- Burgalassi S, Panichi L, Chetoni P, et al. Development of a
simple dry eye model in the albino rabbit and evaluation of
some tear substitutes. Ophthalmic Res 1999; 31: 229-235.
- Altinors DD, Bozbeyoglu S, Karabay G, et al. Evaluation of
ocular surface changes in a rabbit dry eye model using a
modified impression cytology technique. Curr Eye Res
2007; 32: 301-307.
- Barabino S, Shen L, Chen L, et al. The controlledenvironment
chamber: A new mouse model of dry eye.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005; 46: 2766-2771.
- Chen W, Zhang X, Zhang J, et al. A murine model of dry
eye induced by an intelligently controlled environmental
system. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008; 49: 1386-1391.
- Xiong C, Chen D, Liu J, et al. A rabbit dry eye model
induced by topical medication of a preservative
benzalkonium chloride. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008;
49: 1850-1856.
- Lin Z, Liu X, Zhou T, et al. A mouse dry eye model induced
by topical administration of benzalkonium chloride. Mol Vis
2011; 17: 257-264.
- Xiao X, Luo P, Zhao H, et al. Amniotic membrane extract
ameliorates benzalkonium chloride-induced dry eye in a
murine model. Exp Eye Res 2013; 115: 31-40.
- Zhang Z, Yang, WZ, Zhu ZZ, et al. Therapeutic effects of
topical doxycycline in a benzalkonium chloride-induced
mouse dry eye model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:
2963-2974.
- Kang SW, Kim KA, Lee CH, et al. A standardized extract
of Rhynchosia volubilis Lour. exerts a protective effect on
benzalkonium chloride-induced mouse dry eye model. J
Ethnopharmacol 2018; 215: 91-100.
- Rolando M, Zierhut M. The ocular surface and tear film
and their dysfunction in dry eye disease. Surv Ophthalmol
2001; 2: 203-210.
- Messmer EM. The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and
treatment of dry eye disease. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2015; 112:
71-81.
- Davidson HJ, Kuonen VJ. Tear film and ocular mucins. Vet
Ophthalmol 2004; 7: 71-77.
- Suwan-apichon O, Rizen M, Rangsin R, et al. Botulinum
toxin B-induced mouse model of keratoconjunctivitis sicca.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006; 47: 133-139.
- Lekhanont K, Park CY, Smith JA, et al. Effects of Topical
Anti-inflammatory Agents in a Botulinum Toxin B-İnduced
Mouse Model of Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca. J Ocul
Pharmacol Ther 2007; 23: 27-34.
- Yagci A, Gurdal C. The role and treatment of inflammation
in dry eye disease. Int Ophthalmol 2014; 34: 1291-1301.
- Choy EP, Cho P, Benzie IF, et al. Dry eye and blink rate
simulation with a pig eye model. Optom Vis Sci 2008; 85:
129-134.
- Lopin E, Deveney T, Asbell PA. Impression cytology:
recent advances and applications in dry eye disease. Ocul
Surf 2009; 7: 93-110.
- Barabino S, Chen W, Dana MR. Tear film and ocular
surface tests in animal models of dry eye: Uses and
limitations. Exp Eye Res 2004; 79: 613-621.
- Yang Q, Zhang Y, Liu X, et al. A Comparison of the Effects
of Benzalkonium Chloride on Ocular Surfaces between
C57BL/6 and BALB/c Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18: 3. pii:
E509.
- Voiculescu OB, Voinea LM, Alexandrescu C. Corneal
neovascularization and biological therapy. J Med Life
2015; 8: 444-448.
- Roshandel D, Eslani M, Baradaran-Rafii A, et al. Current
and emerging therapies for corneal neovascularization.
Ocul Surf 2018; 16: 398-414.
- Cui X, Hong J, Wang F, et al. Assessment of corneal
epithelial thickness in dry eye patients. Optom Vis Sci
2014; 91: 1446-1454.
- Akyol-Salman I, Azizi S, Mumcu U, et al. Central corneal
thickness in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction.
Clin Exp Optom 2011; 94: 464-467.
- Pole JJ, Batzer JK. Central corneal thickness of patients
with dry eyes J Am Optom Assoc 1985; 56: 220-221.
- Van Bijsterveld OP, Baardman J. Measurements of
corneal thickness in patients with keratoconjunctivitis
sicca. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 1990; 197: 240-243.
- Liu Z, Pflugfelder SC. Corneal thickness is reduced in dry
eye. Cornea 1999; 18: 403-407.
- Sanchis-Gimeno JA, Lleo-Perez A, Alonso L, et al.
Reduced corneal thickness values in postmenopausal
women with dry eye. Cornea 2005; 24: 39-44.