Serdal TEMEL, R. Cengiz AKDENİZ, Fazilet Vardar SUKAN

Ar-Ge ve inovasyon açısından İzmir KOBİ’lerinin durumu

Ülkelerin ekonomik gelişmesinde en önemli unsurlardan birisi de, Üniversite- Sanayi arasında etkin ve sürdürülebilir işbirliğinin sağlanması ve bu yolla bil- ginin ekonomik değere dönüştürülmesidir. Bu çalışmada İzmir’de faaliyet gös- teren KOBİ’lerin Ar-Ge ve İnovasyon açısından mevcut durumu ve Üniversite- Sanayi işbirliği arayışları, 74 KOBİ ile yüz yüze anket çalışması yoluyla incelen- miştir. Yapılan araştırmada KOBİ’lerin, 2007 yılında %4,58 olan toplam cirodaki Ar-Ge harcamaları payının 2008 yılında %5,51’e yükseldiği, toplam satışlarının %72,70’inin iç pazara ve %27,30’unun ise dış pazarlara sunulduğu ve ihracatta Avrupa pazarı payının düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, işletmele- rin aynı ürünü uzun yıllardır ürettikleri ve yeniliğe önem vermedikleri, ürün yaşam süresinin çok uzun olduğu ortaya koyulmuştur. Elde edilen veriler, KOBİ’lerin ço- ğunlukla inovasyon çalışmaları yapmadığını, bunun sonucu olarak katma değeri düşük ve çok sayıda ikamesi olan ürünleri ürettikleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, kamu kurumları tarafından İzmir’de faaliyet gösteren KOBİ’lere Ar-Ge ve inovasyon için gerekli ve yeterli ortamın sağlanamadığı da belirlenmiştir.

The state of Izmir SME’s with respect to R&D and innovation

One of the major drivers of economic development of countries is sustainable and effective university-industry cooperation and converting knowledge into pro- duct with the help of the university-industry cooperation. In this research, the cur- rent situation of R&D, innovation and university-industry cooperation are analy- zed and data are gathered via face to face questionnaire from 74 SMEs in Izmir. As a result, from 2007 to 2008, SMEs have increased share of R&D from 4,58% to 5,51%. In addition, SMEs export only 27,30% of total product and 72,70% of total products consumed in domestic market. One of the main findings is also long product life cycle. Results prove that SMEs are not paying enough attention to innovation and R&D, and subsequently they have average 11 years product life cycle. Main conclusion of the research is; SMEs in Izmir not innovation ori- ented, accordingly they have low value added product portfolio and more com- peting products on the market. Finally, research results emphasize that govern- ment haven’t create adequate environment for R&D and innovation for SMEs.

PDF

___

AMOS, Stephanie; (1987), University-Industry Collaboration in the Continuing Education of Scientist and Engineers, Proceeding of Workshop, Toronto, November 1987.
BOSKIN, Michael; (1996), Macroeconomic, Technology, and Economic Growth: An Introduction to Some Important Issues, The Sum of Positive Strategy, pp: 33-57
BROWN, Shona. L, Kathelen Eisenhard; (1995), "Product Development - Past Research, Present Findings, And Future-Directions". Academy Of Management Review, 20(2), pp: 343-378.
CHESBROUGH, Henry; (2003) Open innovation. The imperative for creating and profiting from technology. Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard Business School Press.
COOPER, Robert G; (1985), "Selecting Winning New Product Projects - Using The Newprod System", Journal Of Product Innovation Management, 2(1), pp: 34-44.
COOPER, Robert G; (1992), "The Newprod System - The Industry Experience" Journal of Product Innovation Management, 9(2), pp: 113-127.
COOPER, Robert G; (1999), The invisible Success Factors in Product Innovation, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 16, pp: 115-133.
DABEK, F.; (1997) The Tech, MIT-the Impact of Innovation, MIT's oldest and Largest Newspaper, (117) 12, pp:1,
EDGETT, Scott J., Elko J. Kleinschmidt; (1999), "New product portfolio management: Practices and performance" Journal of Product Innovation Management, 16(4), pp: 333-351.
ERNST, Holger; (2002), "Success factors of new product development: a review of the empirical literature", International Journal of Management Reviews, 4(1), pp: 1-40.
FURTUIN Frances, Marteen Battrink, Onno Omta; (2007), "Key Success Factors of Innovation in Multinational Agrifood Prospector Companies", International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, (10) 4, pp:1-15.
GRIFFIN, Abbie; (1997), "PDMA research on new product development practices: updating trends and benchmarking best practices", Journal of Product Innovation Management, Vol. 14, pp: 429-458.
JAMROG, Jay J; (2006), "The Quest for Innovation: A Global Study of Innovation Management. Tampa, FL: Human Resource Institute, University of Tampa, pp; 2006-2016
KİPER, M., (2004), "Teknoloji Transfer Mekanizmaları ve Bu Kapsamda Üniversite-Sanayi İşbirliği", TEKNOLOJİ içinde, TMMOB 50. Yıl Yayınları, Ankara, Mayıs.
KİPER, M., (2010), Dünyada ve Türkiye'de Üniversite - Sanayi İşbirliği ve Bu Kapsamda Üniversite-Sanayi Ortak Araştırma Merkezleri Programı (ÜSAMP), TTGV, Ankara.
LEE, Young S; (2000), "The Sustainability of University-Industry Research Collaboration: An Empirical Assessment", Journal of Technology Transfer, 25, pp: 111-133.
LITTLE, Arthur D; (1991), "The Arthur D. Little Survey on the Product Innovation Process", Arthur D. Little: Cambridge, MA.
MAIDIQUE, Modesto A., Billie Jo Zirger; (1984), "A Study Of Success And Failure In Product Innovation - The Case of the United-States Electronics Industry". IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 31(4), pp: 192-203.
MANSFELD, Edwin; (1995), Contribution of New Technology to the Economy, Technology R&D and The Economy, The Brooking Instituting and American Enterprise Institute Washington DC. 1995, pp; 114-140
MITCHELL, Graham R; (1997), The Global context for U.S. Technology Policy, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Office of Technology Policy (Washington, DC)
MİRAN, Bülent (2002), Temel istatistik, Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi.
MONTOYA-WEISS, Mitzi M,, Roger Calantone; (1994), "Determinants of New Product Performance: A Review and Metaanalysis", Journal on Product Innovation Management, 11(5), pp: 397-417.
ROTHWELL, Roy. 1972, Factors for success in industrial innovations, from project SAPPHO - a comparative study of success and failure in industrial innovation. SPRU, Brighton, Sussex
ROTHWELL, Roy., Chris Freeman, Anthony Horlsey, Jervis, V. T. P., Robertson, A. B., Townsend, J, (1974), Sappho Updated - Project Sappho Phase li. Research Policy, 3(3), pp: 258-291.
SCHUPETER, Josef Aloi; (1934), The theory of economic development. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
VARDAR, Yusuf; (1989), Araştırma Kurumları-Endüstri Kurumlar ile ilişkilerini Geliştirme Sempozyumu, Özel Baskı, DPT,