Yolsuzluğun ölçülmesi sorunu ve opasitesi endeksi

Negatif dışsallıklar yayan kamusal bir kötülük olarak nitelendirilen yolsuzluk kamu ekonomisinin inceleme alanına girmektedir. Yolsuzluğun bir ülkedeki ge- lişimini inceleyip diğer ülkelerle karşılaştırma yapabilmek için yolsuzluğun ölçülmesi gereklidir. Bu durum yolsuzluğun sebep ve sonuçlarının tespiti bakımından da önemlidir. Fakat çeşitli nedenlerden dolayı yolsuzluğu ölçmek kolay değildir. Bu bakımdan çeşitli ulusal/uluslar arası kuruluş ve dernekler tarafından yolsuz- luk endeksleri geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada da bu endekslerden biri olan “Opasi- te Endeksi” incelenmiştir. Pricewaterhouse Coopers’in organizasyonu ile gerçek- leştirilen opasite endeksi saydam olmama durumunda işletme ve yatırım maliyet- lerini ölçmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Opasite endeksi ile bu endeksin diğer gösterge- lerle (kişi başına GSYİH, sermayeye erişebilirlik, doğrudan yabancı yatırım vs.) ilişkilerini ifade etmek amacıyla yapılan analizler göstermektedir ki saydam olma- ma durumu, yatırımcıların ve bir ülkede iş yapmak isteyenlerin kararlarını olum- suz yönde etkilemektedir. Artan opasite seviyesi yatırımcılar için iş yapmanın maliyetini arttırtmaktadır.

The problem of measuring the corruption and opacity index

Corruption which spreads negative externalities and is labeled as public bad is investigated in the area of public economics. To investigate the development of corruption in a country and to compare it with the other countries, measuring of corruption is necessary. But, it isn’t easy to measure corruption because of the different reasons. In this regard, corruption indexes are developed by different national/international institutions and organizations. Opasite Index which is one of these indexes is investigated in this paper. Opasite Index generated by the or- ganization of Pricewaterhouse Coopers aims to measure the costs of manage- ment and investment in the situation of opaqueness. The opacity index and the analyses which explain its relations with the other indicators (per capital income, capital access, direct foreign capital investment etc.) show that the situation of opaqueness affects negatively to the decisions of foreign investors and entrep- reneurs. Increasing opacity index also increase the cost of transact business for investors.

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