İneklerde senkronizasyon amaçlı prostaglandin $F_{2alpha}$ uygulamalarından sonra oluşacak östrusların görülme zamanı

İneklerde, senkronizasyon amacıyla bir çok ürün kullanılmakla birlikte, $PGF_{2alpha}$ ve analogları daha pratik ve düşük maliyetli olmaları nedeniyle oldukça sık tercih edilmektedir. Prostaglandin $F_{2alpha}$ uygulamasından ovulasyona kadar geçen sürenin değişken olması, suni tohumlama programı ve sonraki fertiliteyi etkilemektedir. Son 15 yılda östrus ve ovulasyon kontrol programlarının gelişimi ve ultrasonografınin veteriner pratiğe girmesiyle, prostaglandinlere karşı luteal dokunun verdiği cevap daha iyi anlaşılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalar, $PGF_{2alpha}$ ve analoglarına duyarlı corpus luteumların, yapılan uygulamalara farklı cevaplar verdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. İnek ve düveler arasında östrusun başlangıcına kadar geçen süre ve senkronizasyon derecesinde, corpus luteumun yaşına (siklusün gününe) bağlı olarak önemli farklılıklar görülmektedir. Ovülatör follikülle luteal fonksiyon arasındaki ilişkinin daha iyi anlaşılması, luteal fonksiyonun kontrol ve senkronizasyon oranını yükseltecektir. Dolaysıyla östrus senkronizasyonunun başarısı da artacaktır.

Prostaglandin $F_{2alpha}$ administrations and timing of estrus in synchronization of cows

Several products have been used for synchronization regimen. $PGF_{2alpha}$ and its analogues are preferred because of their low cost and practicality in cows. Variability of the time between prostaglandin administration and ovulation has been affecting artificial insemination programs and fertility. Due to the improvement in methodology for controlling estrus and ovulation, and ultrasonography has been used in veterinarian practice in the next decade, our understanding of luteal response to PG products has clearly been improved. Several studies have shown that even though a corpus luteum is likely to respond to $PGF_{2alpha}$ and it's analogue, there is considerable variation among cows and heifers in the interval to onset of heat and degree of synchrony of heat depending on the age of the CL (day of cycle) when PGF2a is administered. Since there are several waves of growth and degeneration of follicles during the cycle, the response rate and time to onset of estrus following $PGF_{2alpha}$ injection may well depend on the degree of synchrony of follicular development and CL regression. Understanding the relationship between development of an ovulatory follicle and control of luteal function improves synchrony of, and control of, luteal function. It also improves synchrony of estrus regulation.

PDF

___

l.Archbald LF, Constant S, Tran T, Risco C, Klapstein E, Elliot J, 1994. Effect of sequential treatment with prostaglandin F2 alpha and/or oxy-tocin on estrus and pregnancy rate of lactating dairy cows. Theriogenology, 42: 773-780.
2.Aksoy M, Alan M, Tekeli T, Semacan A, Çoyan M, 1993. İnek ve düvelerde östrus belirleme hata ları ve suni tohumlama uygulamasındaki önemi. Hay Araş Derg., 3 (1): 28-30.
3.Alaçam E, 1994. Reprodüksiyon Sun'i Tohumlama Doğum ve İnfertilite. 1. Baskı, Konya: Dizgievi, p:49.
4.Alaçam E, 1997. Evcil Hayvanlarda Doğum ve İnfertilite. 1. Baskı, Konya: Dizgievi, p: 53.
5.Alaçam E, Kılıçoğlu Ç, Özgür H, 1983. İneklerde prostaglandinlerle çalışmalar. 1. Östrus sinkroni- zasyonu. U Ü Vet Fak Derg., 2 (3): 65-72.
6.Alaçam E, Dinç DA, Kadar R, Güler M, Aksoy M, 1989. İsviçre esmeri düvelerde Cloprostenol kontrollü suni tohumlama çalışmaları. L H A E Derg., 29 (1-4): 90-97.
7.Auletta F, Flint APF, 1988. Mechanism control ling corpus luteum function in sheep, cows, non- human primates, and women especially in relation to the time of luteolysis. Endocrine Rev., 9: 88-105.
8.Burke JM, de la Sota RL, Risco CA, Staples CR, Schmitt EJP, Thatcher WW, 1996. Evaluation of timed insemination using a gonadotropin-relasing hormone agonist in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 79: 1385-1393.
9.Canooğlu E, Salmanoğlu R, 2001. Farklı dozlarda uygulanan PGF201 uygulamalarının östrus senkro nizasyonu üzerine etkileri. II. Ulusal Buiatri Kongresi, Bildiri Özetleri, 121-122. 10.Cornwell DG, Hentges JF, Fields MJ, 1985. Lutalyse as a synchronizer of Brahman heifers. J Anim Sel, .61 (1): 416-417.
11.Fortin MR, Sequin BE, Momont HW, Vahdat F, 1988. Interestrous intervals in cows after unilateral ovariectomy at estrus to prevent corpus luteum development. Theriogenology, 29: 1357-1365.
12.Garverick HA, Zollers WG, Smith MF, 1992. Mechanism associated with corpus luteum life- span in animals having normal or subnormal luteal function. Anim Reprod ScL, 28: 111-124.
13.Gay JM, Upham G L, 1994. Effect of exogenous prostaglandin F2CI in clinically normal post parturi ent dairy cows with a palpable corpus luteum. JAVMA, 205 (6): 870-873.
14.Ginther O J Kastelic J P, Knopf L, 1989. Compo sition and characteristics of follicular waves dur ing the bovine estrous cycle. Anim Reprod Sci., 20: 187-200.
15.Ginther O J Knopf L, Kastelic J P, 1989. Tempo ral associations among ovarian events in cattle during oestrous cycles with two and three follicu- lar waves. J Reprod Fertii, 87: 223-230.
16.Granström E, 1981. Prostaglandin chemistry. Ada Vet Scand., 77:1-4.
17.Hansel W, Blair RM, 1996. Bovine corpus luteum a historic overview and implications for future research. Theriogenology, 45 (7): 1267-1294.
18.Jackson PS, Jhonson CT, Furr BJ, Beattie JF, 1979. Influence of stage of oestrus cycle on time of oestrus following cloprostenol treatment in the bovine. Theriogenology, 12: 153-167.
19.Kastelic JP, Knopf L, Ginther OJ, 1990. Effect of day of prostaglandin F201 treatment on selection and development of the ovulatory follicle in heif ers. Anim Reprod. ScL, 23: 169-180.
20.Kastelic JP, Ginther OJ, 1991. Factors affecting the origin of the ovulatory follicle in heifers with induced luteolysis. Anim Reprod ScL, 26: 13-24.
21.King ME, Kiracofe GH, Stevenson JJ, Schalles RR, 1982. Effect of the estrous cycle on interval to estrus after PGF2 $alpha$ in beef cattle Theriogenology, 18; 191-200.
22.Lucy MC, Savio JD, Badinga L, De La Sota RL, Thatcher WW, 1992. Factors that affect ovarian follicular dynamics in cattle. J Anim ScL, 70:3615-3626.
23.Macmillan KL, 1978. Oestrus synchronization with a prostaglandin analogue. III. Special aspects of synchronization. N ZVet J., 31: 104-108.
24.Macmillan KL, 1983. Prostaglandin response in dairy herd breeding programmes. N Z Vet J., 31:110-113.
25.Macmillan KL, Day AM, 1982. Prostaglandin F2a - A fertility drug in dairy cattle? Theriogenol ogy, 18: 254-253.
26.Macmillan KL, Henderson HV, 1984. Analyses of the variation in the interval form an injection of prostaglandin F2a to oestrus as a method of study ing patterns of follicle development during dioes- trus in dairy cows. Anim Reprod Set, 6: 245-254.
27.Milvae RA, Alila HW, Hansel W, 1986. Involve ment of lypoxygenase products of arachidonic acid metabolism in bovine luteal function. Biol Reprod., 35: 1210-1215.
28.Milvae RA, Hinckley ST, Carlson JC, 1996. Luteotropic and luteolytic mechanisms in the bo vine corpus luteum. Theriogenology, 45 (7): 1327-1349.
29.Momont HW, Sequin BE, 1984. Influence of day of estrous cycle on response to PGF2a products. Proceedings of the 19th International Congress on Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination 7/7,336-338.
30.Pursley JR, Mee MO, Wiltbank MC, 1995. Syn chronization of ovulation in dairy cows using PGF2a and GnRH. Theriogonology, 44: 915-923.
31.Ruckebusch Y, Phaneuf LP, Dunlop R, 1991. Physiology of Small and Large Animals. B.C. Decker Inc., Philadelphia, Chapter 53, pp: 563-572.
32.Savio JD, Kenan L, Boland MP, Roche JF, 1988. Pattern of growth of dominant follicles during the oestrous cycle of heifers. J Reprod Fert, 83: 663-671.
33.Savio JD, Boland MP, Hynes N, Mattiaci MR, Roche JF, 1990. Will the first dominant follicle of the estrous cycle of heifers ovulate following lute- olysis on day 7? Theriogenology, 33: 677-687.
34.Schmitt EJP, Diaz T, Drost M, Thatcher WW, 1996. Use of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist or human chorionic gonadotropin for timed insemination in cattle. J Anim Set, 14: 1084-1091.
35.Smith ST, Ward WR, Dobson H, 1998. Use of ultrasonography to help to predict oestrus in dairy cows after the administration of prostaglandin F2C1. VetRec, 142:271-274.
36.Vasconcelos JLM, Silcox RW, Rosa GJM, Pursley JR, Wiltbank MC, 1999. Synchronization rate, size of the ovulatory follicle, and pregnancy rate after synchronization of ovulation beginning on different days of the estrous cycle in lactating dairy cows. Theriogenologyt 52: 1067-1078.
37.Wenzel JGW, 1991. A rewiew of prostaglandin F products and their use in dairy reproductive herd health programs. Vet Bull, 61 (5): 433-447.
38.Wiltbank MC, Niswender GD, 1992. Functional aspects of differentiation and degeneration of the steroidogenic cells of the corpus luteum in domes tic ruminants. Anim Reprod Sci., 28: 103-110.