18.Yüzyılın son döneminde İstanbul'daki esnaf sisteminin ahkâm defterlerine göre sosyo-ekonomik analizi (1775-1793)

İstanbulda faaliyet gösteren esnaf birliklerinin sosyo-ekonomik durumlarının belirlenip değerlendirildiği buçalışma, 18.yüzyılın son dönemine ilişkin İstanbul AhkamDefterlerinin incelenmesine yöneliktir.18.yüzyıla ait İstanbul AhkamDefterlerinde esnaf teşekkülleriyle ilgili olarak 198 tane hüküm tespit edildi. Buhükümlerin analizi sonucunda, en fazla kararın, 8-9 numaralı defterde alındığı görüldü. İstanbul esnafının enfazla ihtilafa düştüğü ekonomik sorunlar; alım-satım, tahsis, kethüdalık, tevzi-taksim, narh ve dükkannizamlarına ilişkindir. Bununla birlikte en fazla başvuru, İstanbul(Surici) kazasıdan yapılmıştır. Hem müracaateden ve hem de şikayet edilen taraflar, çoğunlukla -şehirde yaşayan- yönetilenlerden oluşmuştur. Müracaatedenlerin %54ünün Müslüman ve %28i Gayrimüslim(bunun %95,4ü Zimmi) olduğu belirlenirken, şikayetedilenlerin %42,7si Müslüman ve %25,3ü Gayrimüslim(yine bunun %91i Zimmi)dir. İncelenen dönemdekibaşvuruların, %60,1inin 1775-1779 döneminde yapıldığı tespit edilmiştir.

According to the ahkam registers the socio-economic analysis of the craftsmen system in Istanbul in the last period of the 18th century (1775-1793)

This study, identifying and assessing with the socio-economic status of the craftsmen(esnaf) unions in Istanbul,intends to examine Istanbul Ahkam Registers in the last period of the 18th century.198 provisions, which regards to the craftsmen unions, were determined in İstanbul Ahkam Registers of the 18thcentury. The analysis of these registers, the maximum of provisions were found with 8-9th part of them. Themost economic problems of the craftsmen in İstanbul are trading, allocation, chamberlain(kethuda), distribution-division channels, fixed prices(narh) and workshops. Moreover, the most applications were made inİstanbul(surici) old town region. Both the applicants and the complainants are intensity composed by the rayawhich are dwelling in centrum. In the distribution of the religious, the applicants occur 54% of Muslim, and 28%of Non-Muslim(95.4% of this is composed by Zimmer/Zimmi) and the complainants occur 42,7% of Muslims,and 25,3% of Non-Muslims(91% of this is also composed by Zimmer). It was found that 60.1% of applicationswere made in the period of 1775-1779.

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