İlkokul Matematik Dersi Öğretim Programlarına Kapsayıcılığın Yansımaları: Tarihsel Bir Analiz

Bu çalışmada, Cumhuriyetin ilanından günümüze ilkokul matematik öğretim programlarında gerçekleştirilen düzenlemelerin kapsayıcılık özelinde karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Nitel bir araştırma olan bu çalışmada doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılmış ve resmi müfredat dokümanları içerik analizi tekniği ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırmanın veri setini Cumhuriyetin ilanından günümüze uygulamaya konulan 12 resmi öğretim programında yer alan yazılı metinler oluşturmuştur. Analizler sonucunda tarihsel bağlamda ilkokul matematik öğretim programlarında kapsayıcılık; her, tüm, bütün gibi genel kapsayıcılık vurgusu, eğitim engeli olan bireylere ulaşma, özel gereksinimli bireyleri dikkate alma, bireysel farklılıkları dikkate alma ve kültürel farklılıkları dikkate alma özelinde beş farklı kategoride karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçları kapsayıcılık bağlamında Cumhuriyet programlarında çeşitli düzenlemelerin yer aldığını ve bu düzenlemelerin tarihsel süreç içerinde farklılık gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, kapsayıcılık özelinde en kapsamlı düzenlemelerin 2015 ve 2017 yıllarında yapıldığı belirlenmiştir. Bununla beraber 1926 dışındaki tüm programların bireysel farklılıklara yer vermesi bu programların ortak özelliği olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Son olarak 1936 programı eğitim engeli olan öğrencilere dikkat çeken tek program olma özelliği taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Matematik öğretim programları, tarihsel inceleme, kapsayıcılık

Reflections of Inclusion in Primary School Mathematics Curricula: A Historical Analysis

This study aims to comparatively examine the arrangements made in primary school mathematics curricula during the republican period in terms of inclusion. In this study, which is a qualitative research, document analysis method was used, and official curriculum documents were analysed with content analysis technique. The data set of this study consisted of the written texts in the 12 official curricula that were put into practice in the Republican period. Since 1936, all primary school mathematics curriculum has included inclusion with five different components: emphasis on inclusion (every, all, whole), reaching individuals with educational disabilities, taking into account individuals with special needs, taking into account individual differences and taking into account cultural differences. The results of this study revealed that there are various regulations in the republican programs in the context of inclusion and that these regulations differ in the historical process. In addition, it was determined that the most comprehensive regulations regarding inclusion were made in 2015 and 2017. The fact that all programs except 1926 have individual differences appears as a common feature of these programs. Finally, the 1936 program is the only program focused on students with educational disabilities.

Keywords:

Mathematics curricula, historical review, inclusion,

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