Cassidy JOHNSON

Toplumsal hareketler, afet iyileştirme ve risk azaltma: Kent Hakkını yerleştirmek

1999 Marmara Depreminin ardından toplum temelli iyileştirme ve risk azaltma Kent Hakkı hareketini inşa etmek üzere bir başlangıç noktası olmuş mudur? Türkiye'de 1999 depremininardından, hükümet programlarının evlerini ve yaşam çevrelerini yitirenlere yönelik toplumsal iyileştirme programlarının ne kiracıları kapsaması ne de geçime ve sosyal iyileşmeye destek vermesi üzerine bu açığı kapatmak üzere sivil toplum tarafından geliştiren çeşitli inisiyatifler bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışma bugün, 12 yıl sonra, bu toplum temelli iyileştirme inisiyatiflerinin nasıl risk azaltma ve dirençlilik kazandırma gibi daha kapsamlı konularda etkinlik gösteren inisiyatiflere dönüştüğüne bakmaktadır. Araştırma felaketten etkilenen bölgelerden biri olan Düzce'de etkin olan 3 sivil toplum kuruluşunun karşılaştırmalı incelenmesine dayalıdır. İnisiyatiflerin devletle ve birbirleriyle olan ilişkilerinin doğasına bakılmıştır ve Kent Hakkı kavramının ve bu hakları talep etmenin dirençlilik mefhumunun içsel bir parçası olduğu tartışılmaktadır. Görülmüştür ki, bu alanda çalışan toplum temelli inisiyatifler toplulukların hükümetten talepte bulunma kapasitesini inşa etmişlerdir, hükümetin destek vermemesi nedeniyle bu topluluklar hükümetle etkin bir birliktelik içine girememiş ve bu deneyimin ölçeği genişleyip yaygınlaşamamıştır.

Social movements, disaster recovery and risk reduction: Establishing the right to the city?

Has community-led disaster recovery and risk reduction after the 1999 Marmara earthquakes been an entry-point for building the Right to the City movement in Turkey? Following the 1999 earthquakes, there were many initiatives undertaken by civil society to fill the gaps left by government programmes that did not reach tenants who had lost their homes nor support livelihoods and social recovery of the people affected by the earthquake. Now, twelve years later, this paper looks at how these community-based recovery initiatives have transformed into initiatives around larger issues of building resilience and risk reduction. The research is based on a cross-case analysis of three civil society organizations that were active in Düzce, one of the disaster-affected regions. It examines the nature of the organisations' relationships with the state and with each other and argues that the concept of the Right to the City, and the demanding those rights, is a integral part of the concept of resilience. It finds that while the community-based initiatives working in this area have built up the capacity of groups to demand change from the government, the lack of government support has meant that these groups have not been able to effectively act in partnership or cooperation with the government.

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