İstanbul Trafiğinde Bulunan İki Farklı Hafif Metro Üstyapısının Titreşim Bakımından Karşılaştırmalı Analizi

Demiryoluna bağlı titreşimler, yolcuların veya demiryolunun çevresinde yaşayan insanlar için bastırılması gereken en önemli sorunlardan biridir. Titreşimlerin öncelikle kaynakta, yani demiryolu üzerinde bastırılmaya çalışılması esastır. Bu nedenle, demiryolu üst yapı bileşenleri, titreşim yalıtımında kullanılan ray pedleri gibi çeşitli elastik elemanlar içerir. Bu çalışmada, İstanbul demiryolu trafiğinde kullanılan iki farklı demiryolu üst yapısı, demiryolu aracı çeşitli hızlarda geçerken test edildi ve tekerlek-ray etkileşiminin oluşturduğu titreşimler, yolcu konforu ve çevre ile ilgili standartlara uygun olarak karşılaştırıldı. Yayılan titreşimleri karşılaştırmak için aynı hat üzerinde yerleştirilmiş tek ve çift elastomerik tabakalara sahip demiryolu üstyapıları kullanılmıştır. Standartlara göre bazı değerlendirmeler içeren bu deneysel kıyaslama çalışmasında, bu iki demiryolu üst yapı tipinin hafif metro hatlarında titreşim yalıtımı açısından davranışları ölçüm sonuçları kullanılarak ortaya konmuştur. Sonuç olarak, üstyapıda tek katman yerine çift katmanlı elastomer kullanıldığında, hat çevresinde yaşayan insanların konfor seviyelerinde %64’e, araç içerisinde bulunan yolcuların konfor seviyelerinde ise %54 varan iyileşme gerçekleşmiştir. Ayrıca, hat çevresinde bulunan binaların güvenliği bakımından yapılan araştırmada 70 HZ’den büyük titreşimlerde anlamlı bir azalma gözlenmiş ve hatta en az 5 m mesafeye kadar konut amaçlı bina yapılabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Demiryolu, Üstyapı, Ray pedi, Titreşim analizi, Titreşim izolasyonu

Comparative Analysis of Two Different Light Rail Superstructures in Istanbul Traffic in Terms of Vibration

Railway-induced vibrations are one of the major problems that need to be suppressed for the passengers or people who are living around the railway. It is essential that the vibrations are first tried to be suppressed on the source, railway. Thus, the railway superstructure components contain various elastic elements used in vibration insulation, such as rail pads. In this study, two different railway superstructures used in Istanbul railway traffic were tested while passing the railway vehicle at various speeds, and the vibrations generated by the wheel-rail interaction were compared regarding passenger comfort and the environment in compliance with the relevant standards. Used railway superstructures to compare the propagated vibrations are constructions with single and double elastomeric layers installed on the same line, sequentially. In this experimental benchmarking study which contains some evaluations according to standards, the behaviour of these two railway superstructure types in terms of vibration insulation in light metro lines is revealed using measurement results. Consequently, when the double-layered elastomer is used instead of a single-layered in the superstructure, the comfort level of the people living around the line is improved as up to 64% and the comfort level of the passengers is improved as up to 54%. In addition, in terms of the safety investigations of the buildings around the line, a meaningful decrease in vibrations greater than 70 Hz is observed and it is concluded that residential buildings could be built up to 5 m distance.

Keywords:

Railway, Superstructure, Rail pad, Vibration analysis, Vibration Insulation,

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