Didem SÜCÜLLÜOĞLU DİKİCİ, Fikret Poyraz ÇÖKMÜŞ, Funda AKIN, Erhan ESER, Mehmet Murat DEMET

Disease burden and associated factors in caregivers of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder

Objective: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the leading causes of disability and poor quality of life, with impairment in many areas. It can also adversely affect family members and friends that the person lives with, and this results in a burden. We aimed to evaluate the disease burden in caregivers of patients with OCD and the factors that negatively affect caregiver burden.Method: The study population consisted of 94 patients with OCD and their caregivers. The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire Brief Form were filled out by the patients, and the Burden Assessment Scale (BAS) by the caregivers.Results: Longer duration of treatment, higher YBOCS obsession and compulsion scores of the patients, and lower environmental quality of life dimension scores of the patients were found to increase the BAS scores of the caregivers. Additionally, these variables were found to be significant predictors for disease burden (BAS score) (p

PDF

___

1. Schulze B, Rössler W. Caregiver burden in mental illness: review of measurement, findings and interventions in 2004-2005. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2005;18:684-691.

2. Magliano L, Fiorillo A, Malangone C, De Rosa C, Maj M. Patient functioning and family burden in a controlled, real-world trial of family psychoeducation for schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv 2006; 57:1784-1791.

3. Platt S. Measuring the burden of psychiatric illness on the family: an evaluation of some rating scales. Psychol Med 1985; 15:383-393.

4. Stengler-Wenzke K, Trosbach J, Dietrich S, Angermeyer MC. Coping strategies used by the relatives of people with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Adv Nurs 2004; 48:35-42.

5. Hollander E, Kwon JH, Stein DJ, Broatch J, Rowland CT, Himelein CA. Obsessive compulsive disorder: overview and quality of life issues. J Clin Psychiatry 1996; 57:3-6.

6. Suculluoglu Dikici D, Eser E, Cokmuş FP, Demet MM. Quality of life and associated risk factors in caregivers of patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychiat Clinic Psych 2019; 29:579-586.

7. Laidlaw TM, Falloon IR, Barnfather D, Coverdale JH. The stress of caring for people with obsessive compulsive disorders. Community Ment Health J 1999; 35:443-450.

8. Black DW, Gaffney G, Schlosser S, Gabel J. The impact of obsessive-compulsive disorder on the family: preliminary findings. J Nerv Ment Dis 1998; 186:440-442.

9. Schene AH. Objective and subjective dimensions of family burden. Towards an integrative framework for research. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1990; 25:289-297.

10. Ersoy Ozcan B, Unsal G. Burden of care in family caregivers of patients with obsessive compulsive disorder and psychoeducation. J Acad Res Nurs 2017; 3:51-56.

11. Gururaj GP, Math SB, Reddy JY, Chandrashekar CR. Family burden, quality of life and disability in obsessive compulsive disorder: an Indian perspective. J Postgrad Med 2008; 54:91-97.

12. Jayakumar C, Jagadheesan K, Verma AN. Caregiver’S burden: a comparison between obsessive compulsive disorder and schizophrenia. Indian J Psychiatry 2002; 44:337-342.

13. Vikas A, Avasthi A, Sharan P. Psychosocial impact of obsessive-compulsive disorder on patients and their caregivers: a comparative study with depressive disorder. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2011; 57:45-56.

14. Magliano L, Tosini P, Guarneri M, Marasco C, Catapano F. Burden on the families of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a pilot study. Eur Psychiat 1196; 11:91-97.

15. Kalra H, Nischal A, Trivedi JK, Dalal PK, Sinha PK. Extent and determinants of burden of care in Indian families: a comparison between obsessive-compulsive disorder and schizophrenia. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2009; 55:28-38.

16. Chakrabarti S, Kulhara P, Verma SK. Extent and determinants of burden among families of patients with affective disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1992; 86:247-252.

17. Elbir M, Topbas OA, Bayad S, Kocabas T, Topak OZ, Cetin S, et al. Adaptation and Reliability of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5-Disorders - Clinician Version (SCID-5/CV) to the Turkish Language. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 2019; 30:51-56. (Turkish)

18. Goodman WK, Price LH, Rasmussen SA, Mazure C, Fleischmann RL, Hill CL, et al. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. I. Development, use, and reliability. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989; 46:1006-1011.

19. Tek C, Uluğ B, Rezaki BG, Tanriverdi N, Mercan S, Demir B, et al. Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and US National Institute of Mental Health Global Obsessive Compulsive Scale n Turkish: reliability and validity. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1995; 91:410-413.

20. Hamilton M. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. In: Sartious N, Ban TA (editors). Assessment of Depression. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986, 143-152.

21. Akdemir A, Orsel S, Dag I, Turkcapar H, Iscan N, Ozbay H. Clinical use and the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). 3P Dergisi 1996; 4:251-259. (Turkish)

22. Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment. The WHOQOL Group. Psychol Med 1998; 28:551-558.

23. Eser E, Fidaner H, Fidaner C, Eser SY, Elbi H, Goker E. Psychometric properties of tlte WHOQOL-100 and WHOOOL-BREF. 3P Dergisi 1999; 7:23–40. (Turkish)

24. Reinhard SC, Gubman GD, Horwitz AV, Minsky S. Burden assessment scale for families of the seriously mentally ill. Evaluation and Program Planning 1994; 17:261-269.

25. Aydemir O, Kirpinar I, Sati T, Uykur B, Cengisiz C. Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Health Anxiety Inventory. Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2013; 50:325-331.

26. Yusuf AJ, Nuhu FT. Factors associated with emotional distress among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in Katsina, Nigeria. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2011; 46:11-16.

27. Agarwal M, Kushwaha A, Nischal A, Kar S, Gupta B, Tripathi A, et al. Burden of care in the caregivers of patients with anxiety disorders. Indian J Soc Psychiatry 2017; 33:22.

28. Senaratne R, Van Ameringen M, Mancini C, Patterson B. The burden of anxiety disorders on the family. J Nerv Ment Dis 2010; 198:876-880.

29. Oza H, Parikh MN, Vankar GK. Comparison of caregiver burden in schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Psychiatry Psychother 2017; 19:32-41.

30. Marwale AV, Quadri SA, Quadri AA. Prevalance of disability and family burden in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder: an observational study. MGM J Med Sci 2017; 4:155-159.

31. Cicek E, Cicek IE, Kayhan F, Uguz F, Kaya N. Quality of life, family burden and associated factors in relatives with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2013; 35:253-258.

32. Gupta M, Giridhar C, Kulhara P. Burden of care of neurotic patients: correlates and coping strategies inrelatives. Indian J Soc Psychiatry 1991; 7:8-21.

33. Grover S, Dutt A. Perceived burden and quality of life of caregivers in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2011; 65:416-422.

34. Ramos-Cerqueira AT, Torres AR, Torresan RC, Negreiros AP, Vitorino CN. Emotional burden in caregivers of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety 2008; 25:1020-1027.

35. Quilty LC, Van Ameringen M, Mancini C, Oakman J, Farvolden P. Quality of life and the anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord 2003; 17:405-426.

36. Kalra H, Kamath P, Trivedi JK, Janca A. Caregiver burden in anxiety disorders. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2008; 21:70-73.

37. Izutsu T, Tsutsumi A, Islam A, Matsuo Y, Yamada HS, Kurita H, et al. Validity and reliability of the Bangla version of WHOQOL-BREF on an adolescent population in Bangladesh. Qual Life Res 2005; 14:1783-1789.

38. Leung KF, Wong WW, Tay MS, Chu MM, Ng SS. Development and validation of the interview version of the Hong Kong Chinese WHOQOL-BREF. Qual Life Res 2005; 14:1413-1419.