A content analysis of violence in Turkish primetime television shows

Objective: Violence has a great impact on society, as is often the case with television programs. This study aims to assess how the violence is portrayed on television channels that reach a large audience of children, adolescents, and adults in Turkey. Method: This study is a media content analysis (28 television shows and 84 episodes) of the six most popular Turkish primetime television shows aired between November 18, 2019, and December 8, 2019. The violence types have been classified into one of the following five categories: verbal, physical, psychological, social, and economic. Besides, some vulnerable special groups, such as children and healthcare workers, have also been evaluated. Results: Our findings indicate that each show has at least one violent behavior. Contrary to the perception in society, men are exposed to violence more than women (56.6% vs. 27.6%). The number of psychological violence content in television shows (median:16.5) was significantly higher than the number of physical (median:11.0) and verbal (median:13.0) violent content (p

___

1. American Psychological Association. Violence and youth: psychology’s response, volume 1: summary report of the apa commission on violence and youth. Washington, DC: APA Books, 1993.

2. Gerbner G. The hidden side of television violence. Invisible Crises: Routledge, 2018; 27-34.

3. Coker TR, Elliott MN, Schwebel DC, Windle M, Toomey SL, Tortolero SR, et al. Media violence exposure and physical aggression in fifth-grade children. Acad Pediatr 2015; 15:82-88.

4. Funk JB, Baldacci HB, Pasold T, Baumgardner J. Violence exposure in real-life, video games, television, movies, and the internet: is there desensitization? J Adolesc 2004; 27:23-39.

5. Huesmann LR, Taylor LD. The role of media violence in violent behavior. Annu Rev Public Health 2006; 27:393-415.

6. van der Molen JH, Bushman BJ. Children’s direct fright and worry reactions to violence in fiction and news television programs. J Pediatr 2008; 153:420-424.

7. Madan A, Mrug S, Wright RA. The effects of media violence on anxiety in late adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2014; 43:116-126.

8. Bear M, Connors B, Paradiso MA. Neuroscience: exploring the brain: Jones and Bartlett Learning; 2020.

9. Radio and Television Supreme Council. Television viewing trends research Ankara: RTÜK; 2018. https://www.rtuk.gov.tr/assets/ Icerik/AltSiteler/televizyonizlemeegilimleriarastirmasi2018.pdf. Accessed July 20, 2020.

10. Weaver AJ, Kobach MJ. The relationship between selective exposure and the enjoyment of television violence. Aggress Behav 2012; 38:175-184.

11. Anderson CA, Bushman BJ. Human aggression. Annu Rev Psychol 2002; 53:27-51.

12. Lonner WJ. The search for psychological universals. Boston: Allyn and Bacon; 1980.

13. Allen JJ, Anderson CA, Bushman BJ. The General Aggression Model. Curr Opin Psychol 2018; 19:75-80.

14. Brockmyer JF. Playing violent video games and desensitization to violence. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2015; 24:65-77.

15. Barker AB, Britton J, Grant-Braham B, Murray RL. Alcohol audio-visual content in formula 1 television broadcasting. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1155.

16. Barker AB, Whittamore K, Britton J, Cranwell J. Content analysis of tobacco content in UK television. Tob Control 2019; 28:381- 385.

17. Wilson BJ, Smith SL, Potter WJ, Kunkel D, Linz D, Colvin CM, et al. Violence in children’s television programming: Assessing the risks. J Commun 2002; 52:5-35.

18. Gabrielli J, Traore A, Stoolmiller M, Bergamini E, Sargent JD. Industry Television Ratings for Violence, Sex, and Substance Use. Pediatrics 2016; 138:e20160487.

19. Linder JR, Gentile DA. Is the television rating system valid? Indirect, verbal, and physical aggression in programs viewed by fifth grade girls and associations with behavior. Journal of applied developmental psychology 2009; 30:286-297.

20. Paquette G. Violence on canadian television networks. Can Child Adolesc Psychiatr Rev 2004; 13:13-15.

21. Ayranci U, Kosgeroglu N, Gunay Y. Determining the violence rating in the movies displayed at the time the children watch television most. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg 2004; 5:133-140.

22. Özen Ö, Kartelli F. Analysis of cartoons displayed on the children’s channels broadcastng in Turkey. Marmara Journal of Communication 2017; 27:88-93.

23. Turkmen M. Violence in animated feature films: Implications for children. Educational Process: International Journal 2016; 5(1):22-37.

24. Fremont WP, Pataki C, Beresin EV. The impact of terrorism on children and adolescents: terror in the skies, terror on television. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2005; 14:429-451.

25. The Grand National Assembly of Turkey. Investigation of the increasing violence against healthcare professionals to determine the measures to be taken. https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/sirasayi/ donem24/yil01/ss454.pdf. Accessed August 4, 2020.

26. Collinson L, Judge L, Stanley J, Wilson N. Portrayal of violence, weapons, antisocial behaviour and alcohol: study of televised music videos in New Zealand. The New Zealand Medical Journal 2015;128 :84-86.

27. HUNE Institute. Violence against women in Turkey. Ankara: Rebuplic of Turkey, Ministry of Family and Social Policies; 2015. Accessed July 20, 2020.

28. Karatay G. The Attitudes and the behaviours of the university students towards dating violence. STED 2018; 27:62-71.

29. Ünlü S, Bayram N, Uluyağcı C, Bayçu SU. A research on violence against women on TV serials. Journal of Selcuk Communication 2009; 5:95-104.

___

Düşünen Adam - Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Dergisi-Cover
  • ISSN: 1018-8681
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 4 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 1984
  • Yayıncı: Kare Yayıncılık
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Childhood traumas and suicide probability in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients with and without suicide attempts

Faruk KILIÇ, Arzu Azime ÜNLÜ KARAKOÇ, Ümit IŞIK, Feyza DÖNMEZ, Arif DEMİRDAŞ

Brief psychotic disorder due to ephedrine

Işık Batuhan ÇAKMAK, Ayşe Gülden GÜRSES, Hasan KAYA, Erol GÖKA

The assessment of the relationship between narcissism, perceived parental rearing styles, and defense mechanisms

Ahmet Hamdi İMAMOĞLU, Ayşegül BATIGÜN DURAK

Risperidone-induced tardive dystonia in a 10 years old boy and the efficacy of aripiprazole: a case report

Ayla Uzun ÇİÇEK, Çiçek HOCAOĞLU, Tuna ÖZMEN

Does late and early onset depression differ in terms of inflammation?

selçuk özdin, Şükriye BAYRAK ÖZDİN

An overlooked combination in treatment: addiction and social anxiety disorder comorbidity

Cüneyt EVREN

Remembered or forgotten stimuli: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study on the effects of emotion

Erol ÖZÇELİK, Betül KILIÇ

Disease burden and associated factors in caregivers of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder

Didem SÜCÜLLÜOĞLU DİKİCİ, Fikret Poyraz ÇÖKMÜŞ, Funda AKIN, Erhan ESER, Mehmet Murat DEMET

SYNGAP1 mutation in a pediatric patient with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability

Mustafa Esad TEZCAN, Fatih Hilmi ÇETİN, Fahrettin DUYMUŞ, Tülin ÇORA

Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale-II and Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale-Straightforward Items: psychometric properties of the Turkish versions

Battal Göktürk GÖK, Özden YALÇINKAYA ALKAR