19. yüzyılda nasturilerde eğitim ve öğretim

19. Yüzyılda Van-Hakkâri ve Urmiye bölgesinde yaşayan Hıristiyan bir topluluk olan Nasturiler, düzenli ve örgütlü eğitim öğretim kurumlarına sahip olmadıkları için eğitim alanında yetersiz bir topluluk olarak kalmışlardır. Hatta bu dönemde tek eğitimli sınıf sayılan ruhban sınıfı dahi dünyadaki gelişmelerden bihaber şekilde yaşamıştır. Misyonerlerin Nasturiler arasındaki yaptıkları misyonerlik amaçlı eğitim çalışmaları ise sadece mezhepsel çatışmayı arttırmıştır. Bu nedenle, 19. yüzyıl boyunca Nasturiler eğitimsiz bir topluluk olarak görülmüşlerdir.

19. century education and training in nestorians

Nestorians were a christian community and they located throughout the region of Van, Hakkari and Urmiye in the 19th century. Nestorians did not have organized institutios in the field of education. As a result, they remained as an inefficient community in this field. Even the Clergy considered the only educated class was unaware of the lastest developments in the rest of the world. Also, Education activities made by Missionares among Nestorians caused secterian clashes. For this reason, Nestorians were regarded as illiterate community during 19th century.

___

  • AINSWORTH, WILLIAM FRANCIS, (MDCCCXLII ). Travels and Research in Asia Minor, Mesopotamya, Chaldea, and Armenia c. II, John W.Parker,West Strand, London
  • ALBAYRAK, KADİR,( 1997). Keldaniler ve Nasturîler, Vadi Yayınları, Ankara.
  • ANDERSON, RUFUS (1872). History of the Missions of the American Board of Commissioners Foreign Missions to the Oriental Churches c. I, Boston.
  • ANDERSON, RUFUS,( 1884). History of the Misions of the American Board of Commissioners Foreign Missions to the Oriental Churches c.II, Boston 1884.
  • ATİYA, AZİZ S.,( 2005). Doğu Hıristiyanlığı Tarihi, Çev. Nurettin Hiç Yılmaz, Doz Yayınları, I.Baskı, İstanbul.
  • BADGER, GEORGE PERCY (MDCCCLII). The Nestorians and their Rituals with the Narrative of a Mission to Mesopotamia and Coordistan in 1842-1844 Vol. I, Joseph Masters, Aldersgate Street, And New Bond Street, London.
  • COAKLEY , J.F., (1992). The Church of the East and Church of England a History of the Archbishop of Canterbury’s Assyrian Mission, Clarendon Pres-Oxford.
  • COLEMAN, LYMAN (1858). Ancient Christianity Exemplified in the Private, Domestic, Social, and Civil Life of Primative Christians, and in the Orginal Instıtutıons, Offices, Ordinances, and Rites of the Church, Lıppıncott, Grambo & Co., Phıladelphia.
  • CUINET, VİTAL, (1891). La Turquie D’Asie Gêographie Administrative Statisique Descriptive et Raisonnêe De Chaque Province De L’Asıe-Mineure c. II, Ernest Leroux, Edıteur 28, Reu Bonaparte, 28, Paris.
  • CUTTS, EDWARD L. (1884) The Assyrian Christians. Report of a Journey, Undertaken By Desire of His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury and His Grace the Archbishop of York, Christians in Koordistan and Oroomiah, London.
  • CUTTS, EDWARD L., (1887). Christians Under the Crescent in Asia, London.
  • ÇELİK, MEHMET, (1995). Süryani Tarihi c. I, Ayraç Yayınları, I.Baskı, Ankara.
  • DALYAN, MURAT GÖKHAN, (2009a). 19. Yüzyıl’da Nasturiler, (İdari-Sosyal-Yapı ve Siyasal İlişkiler), Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Basılmamış Doktora Tezi.
  • DALYAN, MURAT GÖKHAN,(2009). “19. Yüzyıl Nasturi Ya da Doğu Süryani Toplumunda Kadın ve Kadının Sosyal Statüsü”, SDÜ Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, , Sayı:19, Mayıs 2009 Isparta. s.37-48.
  • DEMİRCİ, MUSTAFA, (2005). “Helen Düşün Kaynaklarının Arapça’ya Çevirisi ve Süryânîler”, Süryaniler ve Süryanilik II., Orient Yay. No: 9, Ankara, s.41-59.
  • EMHARDT, WILLIAM CHAUNCEY, AND LAMSA, GEORGE M. , (1926). The Oldest Christian People a Brief Account of the Assyrian People and the Fateful History of the Nestorian Church, The Macmıllan Company, New York.
  • FISKE, D.T., (1868). Faith Working By Love As Exemlified in the Life of Fidelia Fiske, Congregational Sabbath School And Publishing Society, Boston.
  • FRASER, J.BAILLIE, (1842). Mesopotamia and Assyria, from the Earliest Ages to Present Time; with Illusrations of their Natural History, New Yok.
  • GRANT, DR. ASAHAL, (1994). Nasturiler ya da Kayıp Boylar, Çev. Meral Barış, Bet-Prasa-Bet-Froso, Nsibin Yayınevi, Södertalje-Sweden.
  • HALL, ISAAC H., ( 1888). “The Nestorian Ritual of Washing of the Dead”, Hebraica, Vol. 4, No. 2, (Jan.,), s. 82-86.
  • HEAZAL, THE REV. F. N., MRS. MARGOLIOUTH, M.A., (1913). Kurds & Christians, London.
  • İLERİ, CİHANGİR, (2000). Türkiyede Nasturi Sorunu (1830-1926), Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara.
  • LALAYAN, E. A., (1914). Van Bölgesinde Asurlar, Çev. Edip İhsan Polat, Tiflis.
  • LAURIE, REV. THOMAS, (1853) Dr.Grant And The Mountain Nestorians, Boston.
  • LAYARD, AUSTEN HENRY, (2000). Ninova ve Kalıntıları Kürdistan’ın Keldani Hıristiyanları, Yezidiler ya da Şeytana Tapanların Ülkesine Bir Gezi, Eski Asur’un Töre ve Sanatlarının Araştırılması, Çev. Zafer Avşar, Avesta Basın Yayın, İstanbul.
  • MACLEAN, ARTHUR JOHN AND BROWNE, WILLIAM HENRY, (1891). The Catholicos of the East and His People, Being the Impressions of Five Years Work in the Archbishop of Canterbury’s Assyrian Mission” An Account of the Religious and Secular Life and Opinions of the Esatern Assyrian Christians of Kurdistan and Northern Persia (Know also as Nestorians), London.
  • MALECH, GEORGE DAVID, (1910). History of the Syrian Nation and the Old Evangelical-Apostolic Church of the East, Minneapolis.
  • MARSDEN, J. B., ( 1856). History of Christian Churches and Sects from the Earliest Ages of Christianity c. II, London.
  • MARY LEWİS, SHEDD, (1922) . The Measure of a Man the Life of William Ambrose Shedd Missionary to Persia, New York.
  • MAUNSELL, F.R., (1901). “Central Kurdistan”, The Geographical Journal, Vol. No. 2, (Aug.), s.212-241.
  • MILDRED, KATHARINE, (1892). “Letter from Sister Katharine Mildred. Sir, July 22nd,1892”, Quarterly Report of Assyrian Mission, No. IX., Published fort the Assyrian Mission, London, s. 61-63.
  • OUSSANİ, GABRİEL, (1901). “,The Modern Chaldeans and Nestorians, and the Study of Syriac among Them”, Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 22, s.81-84.
  • PERKINS, JUSTIN AND LAURIE, THOMAS, (1862). Historical Sketch of the Mission to the Nestorians and of the Assyria Mission, New York,.
  • PERKİNS, JUSTİN, (1841). “The Nestorian Christians”, The American Biblical Repository, January 1841, Second Series, No IX-Whole No.XLI, New York s.1-30.
  • PERKİNS, JUSTİN, (1863). Missionary Life in Persia Being Glimses of the A Century of Labros among the Nestorians, Boston 1863.
  • Querterly Report, (1894). “Letter from A Native Priest to the Archbishop”, of Assyrıan Mission, No. XVII., Published For The Assyrıan Mission London, s.49-50.
  • Report (1837). of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, Read at the Twenty-Eight Annual Meeting, held in the City of Newark, N.J. , September 13, 14 & 15, 1837., Printed for the Broad By Crocker And Brewster, Boston, s.63-69.
  • Report (1838). of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, Read at the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting, held in the City of Portland, Maıne, September 12, 13 & 14, 1838., Printed for the Broad By Crocker And Brewster, Boston s.76-81.
  • RICHTER, JULIUS, (1910). A History of Protestan Missions in the Near East, Fleming H.Revell Company, London And Edınburgh.
  • RILEY, ATHELSTAN, ( 1886). Narrative of a Visit to the Assyrian Christians in Kurdistan Undertaken at the Request of the Archbishop of Canterbury in the Autumn Of 1884, London.
  • SARIKAVAK, KAZIM ,(2005).“Urfa-Harran Okulları ve Süryaniler”, Süryaniler ve Süryanilik II, Orient Yay. No: 9, Ankara, s.89-99.
  • SARIKAYA, MUAMMER, (2005). “Huneyn B. İshak (194/810-259/873)”, Süryaniler ve Süryanilik IV, Orient Yay No:11, Ankara, s. 183-186.
  • SMITH, ELI AND DWIGHT, H.G.O., ( 1834). Missionary Researches in Armenia: Including a Journey through Asia Minor, and into Georgia and Persia, with a Visit to the Nestorian and Chaldean Christians of Oroomiah and Salmas, London.
  • SMITH, ELI, (1833). Researches of the Rev. E. Smith and Rev. H.G.O. Dwinght in Armenia: Including a Jurney Through Asia Minor, and into Georgia and Persia, with a Visit to the Nestorian and Chaldean Christians of Oormiah and Salmas, Vol. II, Boston.
  • SPEER, ROBERT E., (1911). The Hakim Sahib The Foreign Doctor a Biography Of Joseph Plumb Cochran, M.D Of Persia, Fleming H. Revell Company, New York.
  • STODDART, DAVİD T., (MDCCCLV). Grammar of the Modern Syrıac Language, As Spoken in Oroomıah, Persıa, and in Koordıstan, New Haven,
  • TANRIVERDİ, EYÜP, (2005). “Ana Hatlarıyla Süyanî Edebiyatının Tarihi Gelişimi”, Süryaniler ve Süryanilik II, Orient Yay. No: 9, Ankara, s.13-36.
  • TERMEN, İ.R., (1910). 1906’da Van Bölgesindeki Hakkâri Dağlarına Düzenlenen Bir Gezi İle İlgili Rapor, Çev. Edip İhsan Polat, Tiflis.
  • VARTANOV, ELİYA, (2005). Sibirya Sürgünü Asurîlerin Anıları (1949–1956), Çev. H. Topuzoğlu, Yaba Yayınları, I.Baskı, İstanbul.
  • VINE, AUBREY R., ( 1937). The Nestorian Churches A Concise History of Nestorian Christianity in Asia from the Persian Schism to the Modern Syrian, Indepent Pres, Ltd Memorial Hall, E.C.4, London.
  • YONAN, GABRİELE , (1999). Asur Soykırımı Unutulan Bir Holocaust, Çeviren: Erol Sever, Pencere Yayınları, I. Baskı.