Periferik İntravenöz Katetere Bağlı Flebit Oranının ve Etkileyen Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi

Giriş: Periferik venöz kateterler doğru şekilde uygulandığında yaşamsal önemi olan bir araç olduğu kadar; birçok faktör sebebiyle hastada flebite neden olabilmektedir. Amaç: Bir iç hastalıkları kliniğinde periferik intravenöz kateter ilişkili flebit insidansını ve etkileyen risk faktörlerini belirlemektir. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı, kesitsel tipte planlanan bu çalışmada, 26 Aralık 2018–30 Mart 2019 tarihleri arasında bir iç hastalıkları kliniğinde 93 hastaya uygulanan 195 periferik intravenöz kateter araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturdu. Veriler “Hasta Bilgi Formu” ve Uluslararası İntravenöz Hemşireler Birliği tarafından kullanılması önerilen “Flebit Tanılama Skalası” ile toplandı. Kategorik değişkenlerin karşılaştırılmasında ki-kare testi, risk faktörlerinin değerlendirilmesinde Lojistik regresyon analizi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Hastaların %50.5’i erkek, yaş ortalaması 56.86 ± 18.031 yıldı. Flebit değerlendirme skalasına göre hastaların %28.2’sinde (n = 55) flebit semptomları saptandı. Yaş grubu 66-90 arasında olan (p = .015), kronik hastalığı olan (p = .005), hastanın aktif olarak kullanmadığı tarafa intravenöz kateterizasyon takılan (p = .012), intravenöz infüzyonu devam eden (p=.007), aynı damara kateterizasyon sıklığı birden fazla olan (p < .001), daha önce aynı damar boyunca kateter takılmış olan (p = .001). ve takılma süresi 72-96 saat olan (p = .045) hastalarda flebit semptomları görülme sıklığı daha fazlaydı. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada periferik intravenöz kateterlerin dörtte birinden daha fazlasında flebit olduğu, ileri yaşın, kronik hastalığın, sürekli infüzyonun, aynı damara birden fazla kateterizasyonun ve kateterin kalış süresinin uzun olmasının hastalarda flebitin görülme oranını artırdığı bulundu. Hemşirelerin flebit gelişimi açısından belirtilen risk faktörlerini kateter uygulaması ve bakımı konusunda göz önünde bulundurmaları, uygulanan periferik intravenöz kateterlerin geçerli ve güvenilir ölçüm araçları ile düzenli olarak flebit belirtileri açısından değerlendirilmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Periferik İntravenöz Kateter, Flebit, İnsidans, Hemşirelik

Assessment of Incidence of Phlebitis Associated with Peripheric Intravenous Catheter and Affecting Factors

Background: Peripheral venous catheters which are vital tools when applied correctly and effectively, can cause phlebitis due to many factors. Objectives: To assess the incidence of phlebitis associated with peripheric intravenous catheter and affecting factors in an internal medicine clinic. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in December 2018-March 2019 in the internal medicine clinic. The sample consisted of 195 peripheric intravenous catheters on 93 patients. Data was collected by “Patient Information Form” and “Phlebitis Diagnosis Scale”. Chi-square test was used to analyze discrete variable and risk factors were determined by using Logistic Regression analyses. Results: Mean age of the participants was 56.86 ± 18.031 years and 50.5% of them were male. According to the Phlebitis Diagnosis Scale, phlebitis symptoms were observed in 28.2% (n = 55) of the 195 peripheric catheters. Phlebitis incidence was higher in patients aged 66-90 years old (p = .015), patients who had chronic diseases (p = .005), patients who had continuous intravenous infusion (p = .007), patients who were catheterized for 72-96 hours (p = .045), catheters placed on the inactive upper extremity of the patient (p = .012), catheters which were not placed successfully in the first attempt (p = .001), catheters which were placed on a vein which was previously catheterized (p = .001). Conclusion: Phlebitis symptoms were seen in more than one quarter of the patients. Phlebitis incidence was increased in elderly patients with chronic diseases and patients having continuous intravenous infusion, repetitive catheterization in the same vein and prolonged catheterization time. It is recommended for nurses to keep in mind the risk factors for phlebitis development during catheter application and care and to assess the patients with peripheric intravenous catheter regularly with valid and reliable tools and to conduct studies on minimizing the phlebitis development risk.

Keywords:

Peripheric Intravenous Catheter, Phlebitis, Incidence, Nursing,

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