Nazlı ÖZTÜRK, Burcu ÇELİK KOCABIYIK, Fatma ARIKAN, Hasan ÇOŞKUN

Kanser Hastalarında Konstipasyon Sıklığı ve Gelişme Riskinin İncelenmesi

Giriş: Konstipasyon kanser hastalarında sık görülen semptomlardan biri olup, bu semptomun görülmesinde hareket azlığı, yetersiz sıvı alımı, kemoterapi, radyoterapi gibi tedavi yöntemleri ve opioid kullanımı gibi birçok faktör etkili olabilmektedir. Kanser hastalarının konstipasyon gelişme riski açısından yakından izlenmesi bu semptomun erken dönemde tanılanmasına katkı sağlar. Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı onkoloji kliniğinde yatan kanser hastalarında konstipasyon sıklığı/gelişme riski ve konstipasyon gelişmesini etkileyen bazı faktörlerin belirlenmesidir. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı nitelikteki bu çalışma Ekim 2018-Şubat 2019 tarihleri arasında 18 yaşından büyük, kanser tanısı almış 129 hasta ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler ‘Birey Tanılama Formu’ ve ‘Konstipasyon Risk Değerlendirme Ölçeği’ kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesi Ki-kare, Mann-Whitney U testi analizi ile yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Hastaların yaş ortalaması 59 ± 1.12 yıl, %34.2 'si kadın, %65.8 'i erkek ve konstipasyon görülme sıklığı %62’dir. Hastaların konstipe olmasında sürekli opioid tedavisi alma, hastaneye yatış nedeni ve metastaz varlığına göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sürekli opioid tedavisi alan ve destek tedavi almak amaçlı hastaneye yatan hastalarda konstipasyon oranı daha yüksekti (p < .05). Konstipe olmayan hastaların ise konstipasyon gelişme riskinin orta düzeyde (13.1 ± 4.3) olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda onkoloji kliniğinde yatan hastaların çoğunluğunun konstipasyon yaşadığı, sürekli opioid tedavisi alma, destek tedavi alma ve metastaz varlığının hastaların konstipasyon yaşamasında etkili olduğu ve konstipe olmayan kanser hastalarının ise orta düzeyde risk altında olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Onkoloji, Konstipasyon, Hemşirelik

Investigation of Constipation Frequency and Development Risk in Cancer Patients

Background: Constipation is one of the common symptoms in cancer patients, and many factors such as lack of mobility, insufficient fluid intake, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and opioid use can be effective in this symptom. Close monitoring of cancer patients in terms of the risk of developing constipation contributes to the early diagnosis of this symptom. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the frequency / risk of development and some factors affecting the development of constipation in cancer patients hospitalized in the oncology clinic. Methods: This descriptive study in October 2018-February 2019, between the age of 18, was conducted with 129 patients who were diagnosed with cancer. The data were collected using 'Individual Identification Form' and 'Constipation Risk Assessment Scale'. The evaluation of the data was done by Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The mean age of the patients is 59 ± 1.12 years, 34.2% are women, 65.8% are men and frequency of constipation is 62%. It has been determined that there is a statistically significant difference between the patients being construed and continuous opioid treatment, the reason for hospitalization and the presence of metastasis. Constipation rate was higher in patients who were constantly receiving opioid therapy and hospitalized for supportive treatment (p < .05). It was found that the risk of developing constipation was moderate level (13.1 ± 4.3) in patients who were not constipated. Conclusion: In our study, it was determined that the majority of patients hospitalized in the oncology clinic experienced constipation, continuous opioid treatment, supportive treatment and the presence of metastasis were effective in patients' constipation and cancer patients who were not constipated were at moderate risk.

Keywords:

Oncology, Constipation, Nursing,

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