İsmail Kara is one of the leading scholars of Islamism and modern Turkish intellectual history. The long-awaited second volume of his Cumhuriyet Türkiyesi’nde Bir Mesele Olarak İslâm (The Problem of Islam in Republican Turkey) reflects his views and studies on the history of the modern Republic of Turkey. Published in 2016, following the appearance of the first volume in 2008, the rich analyses and information in the book will be especially important for those studying the development and evolution of the modern Turkish Republic. One may consider Kara’s new book as the embodiment of his saying, “in Turkey, there is nothing unrelated to religion.” Thus, it is a work that carefully traces how the Islamic-religious factor has affected the establishment of Turkey’s state institutions/bureaucracy and efforts to modernize Turkish society and integrate it with contemporary Western civilization.