Mistik Bir Hareket Olarak Pentekostalizm’in Doğuşu: Tarihsel Bir Değerlendirme

Pentekostalizm, 20. yüzyılın ilk yıllarında Amerika’da ortaya çıkan dini bir harekettir. Kutsal Ruh vaftizi ve Ruhsal Bağışlara vurgu yapan bu hareketin temel teolojik unsurları 19. yüzyılda Amerika’nın dini anlayışında değişim ve gelişime büyük etkileri olan uyanış hareketleri içinde filizlenmiştir: Metodist Akım, Kutsallık Hareketi, Irving Hareketi, Keswick Yüce Yaşam Hareketi ve Şifa Hareketi. Kurucusu Charles Fox Parham tarafından sistematik hale getirilen Pentekostalizm, 1906 yılında öğrencisi William Joseph Seymour’un önderliğinde Azusa Street Uyanışı ile büyük bir kitle hareketine dönüşmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Pentekost, Pentekostalizm, İhtida, Nihai Kutsama, Kutsal Ruh Vaftizi, Şifa Hareketi, Ruhsal Bağışlar, Dillerde Konuşma

The Birth of Pentecostalism as a Mystical Tradition of Christianity: A Historical Perspective

Pentecostalism is a religious movement originated in America at the dawn of 20th century. The movement takes its name from the events on the day of Pentecost described in the second chapter of Book of Acts, where it portrays the events of the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles of Jesus Christ, “they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other tongues, as Spirit gave them utterance”. Pentecostals claim that the same experience should be present today. The main theological foundations of Pentecostalism germinated from American revival movements in 19th century: Methodism, Holiness Movement, Irving Movement, Keswick movement and Healing movement. Pentecostals seek to receive salvation based on baptism in the Holy Spirit and gifts of the spirit (charismata) such as speaking in tongues, healing, prophecy, exorcism and preparation for the imminent second coming of Christ. In the modern sense the first Pentecostals appeared in Charles Fox Parham’s Bible School. One of his students, Agnes Ozman was the first person to be baptised in the Holy Spirit accompanied by speaking in tongues in 1901. Parham, who considered being the founder of the movement, formulated the foundational doctrines and practices, which characterise the movement. In 1906, Pentecostalism achieved worldwide attention through the Azusa Street Revival is commonly regarded as the beginning of the modern Pentecostal movement led by African American preacher William Joseph Seymour. At the end of twentieth century it grew to be the second largest family of Christians in the World.

Keywords:

Pentecost, Pentecostalism, Conversion, Entire Sanctification, Baptism in the Holy Spirit, Healing Movement, Charismata, Glossolalia,

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