TRABZON İLİNDE, 3-6 YAŞ GRUBU ÇOCUKLARDA ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK ÇAĞI ÇÜRÜĞÜ PREVALANSI VE İLİŞKİLİ RİSK FAKTÖRLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Trabzon ilindeki anaokullarında öğrenimine devam etmekte olan 1083 okul öncesi çocuğun çürük (decayed) kayıp (missing) dolgulu (filled) diş (teeth) (dmf-t) indeks değerlerinin yaş, cinsiyet, sosyoekonomik durum, ağız sağlığı alışkanlıkları ve beslenme gibi çeşitli risk faktörleri ile olan ilişkisini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Biri özel olmak üzere sekiz anaokulunda öğrenimine devam etmekte olan 3-6 yaş arası çocuklar bu araştırmaya dahil edildi. Gerekli verilerin elde edilebilmesi için çocukların beslenme ve ağız sağlığı alışkanlıkları ile ilişkili soruları içeren anket formları velilere gönderildi. Çocukların ağız içi muayeneleri Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) kriterlerine göre, gün ışığında ayna ve sond yardımıyla yapılarak dmf-t indeksleri kayıt altına alındı. Araştırmada elde edilen tüm veriler ki-kare testi uygulanarak hesaplandı. Akabinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunan verilere lojistik regresyon analizi yapıldı. Bulgular: Yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda, erken çocukluk çağı çürüğü (EÇÇ) ve şiddetli erken çocukluk çağı çürüğü (Ş-EÇÇ) prevalansları sırasıyla; %63,1 ve 20,4 olarak tespit edildi. Ortalama dmf-t değeri 2,95±3,60 olarak bulundu. EÇÇ prevalansının ve ortalama dmf-t skorunun yaşla beraber anlamlı şekilde arttığı görüldü. EÇÇ sıklığının altı aydan fazla anne sütü alanlarda, dişlerini hiç fırçalamayanlarda ve daha önce hiç diş hekimine gitmeyen çocuklarda daha yüksek olduğu belirlendi. Yoğurt ve peynir tüketiminin ise; çocuklarda diş çürüğünü önlemede ve çürüğün şiddetini azaltmada istatistiksel olarak önemli olduğu saptandı. Sonuç: Trabzon İlindeki okul öncesi çocuklardaki çürük prevalansının çok yüksek olduğu görüldü. Bir topluluğun dental tedavi ihtiyacının tespitinde gerekli olan en önemli bilgiler dmf-t indeksleri, ağız sağlığı alışkanlıkları, beslenme ve sosyodemografik unsurlardan elde edilmektedir. Bu yönde yapılan araştırmalar ile ağız sağlığı konusunda bilgi düzeyinin artmasına ve ebeveynlerin bilinçlendirilmesine katkıda bulunulabilir. Anahtar kelimeler: Erken çocukluk çağı çürüğü, okul öncesi çocuklar, çürük sıklığı, EÇÇ Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries and Associated Risk Factors among 3-6-year-old Children in Trabzon ABSTRACT Aim: The aim of this survey is to evaluate the relationship between dmf-t index and various risk factors such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, nutrition and oral health habits of 1083 preschool children who have been attending the preschools in Trabzon. Material and Methods: Children, ages between 3 and 6 years old from 7 state schools and 1 private school, have been included for this research. Questionnaires were used to collect the necessary data. Children were examined using an intraoral mirror and a probe in a day light. The chi-square test was used to analyze data. In addition, multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the magnitude of the relationship between dental caries and its associated risk factors. Results: The results revealed that the prevalence of ECC in preschool children was 63.1% and that of S-ECC was 20.4%. The mean dmf-t score was found to be 2.95 ± 3.60. It was shown that ECC prevalence and mean dmf-t increased significantly with age. The prevalence of ECC was significantly higher in children who were breastfed for longer than six months, those who had never brushed their teeth and those who had a previous dental visit. However, yogurt and cheese consumption was statistically significant in preventing ECC and affecting the severity of dental caries. Conclusion: The most important data which is necessary to determine the dental treatment requirements of communities is obtained from the dmft indicies, oral health habits, nutrition and socioeconomic status. Studies in this direction make contribution to raise oral health knowledge level and consciousness of parents. Key Words: Early childhood caries, preschool children, caries prevalence, ECC

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Erken çocukluk çağı çürüğü, okul öncesi çocuklar, çürük sıklığı

PDF

___

1. Qin M, Li J, Zhang S, Ma W. Risk factors for severe early childhood caries in children younger than 4 years old in Beijing, China. Pediatr Dent 2008;30:122-8.
2. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Policy on early childhood caries (ECC): Classifications, consequences, and preventive strategies. Pediatr Dent 2016;40:60-2.
3. American Academy on Pediatric Dentistry. Definition of Early Childhood Caries (ECC). Pediatr Dent 2008;15.
4. Seow WK, Clifford H, Battistutta D, Morawska A, Holcombe T. Case-control study of early childhood caries in Australia. Caries Res 2009;43:25-35.
5. Poureslami HR, Van Amerongen WE. Early childhood caries (ecc): An infectious transmissible oral disease. Indian J Pediatr 2009;76:191-4.
6. Survey NHANES. Reduce the proportion of children aged 3 to 5 years with dental caries experience in their primary teeth. From https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/data-search/ 2016.
7. Araz M, Güven Y, Aktören O. Bebeklerde beslenme modelleri ve erken çocukluk çağı çürükleri. Journal of Ataturk Uni Dent 2015;11:64-70.
8. Congiu G, Campus G, Luglie PF. Early childhood caries (ECC) prevalence and background factors: a review. Oral Health Prev Dent 2014;12:71–6.
9. Dallı M, Dulgergil ÇT, Hamidi MM, Mutluay AT, Doğan D, Akkuş Z. Different ECC patterns from Turkey: 4-centered epidemiologic study for 1 to 3 years old children. 5th Conseuro İstanbul. 2011:13–5.
10. Kızılcı E, Ozalp N. Çocuklara streptokokkus mutans geçişinin değerlendirilmesi: etkili faktörler ve enfektivite penceresi. Journal of Ataturk Uni Dent 2015;11:71-6.
11. Tinanoff N, Reisine S. Update on early childhood caries since the surgeon general's report. Acad Pediatr 2009;9:396-403.
12. Kagihara LE, Niederhauser VP, Stark M. Assessment, management, and prevention of early childhood caries. J Am Acad Nurse Pract 2009;21:1-10.
13. Lemeshow S, Hosmer DW, Klar J, Lwanga SK. Adequency of sample size in health studies; 2000:142-3.
14. World Health Organization. Oral health surveys: basic methods, Fifth edition. 2013.
15. Iyun OI, Denloye OO, Bankole OO, Popoola BO. Prevalence and pattern of early childhood caries in Ibadan, Nigeria. Afr J Med Med Sci 2014;43:239-44.
16. Mohebbi Simin Z, Virtanen Jorma I, Vahid-Golpayegani M, Vehkalahti Miira M. Early childhood caries and dental plaque among 1-3-year-olds in Tehran, Iran. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2006;24:177-81.
17. Ziller S, Micheelis W, Oesterreich D, Reich E. Goals for oral health in Germany 2020. Int Dent J 2006;56:29-32.
18. Stephen A, Krishnan R, Ramesh M, Kumar VS. Prevalence of early childhood caries and its risk factors in 18-72 month old children in Salem, Tamil nadu. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2015;5:95-102.
19. Li Y, Wulaerhan J, Liu Y, Abudureyimu A, Zhao J. Prevalence of severe early childhood caries and associated socioeconomic and behavioral factors in Xinjiang, China: a cross-sectional study. 2017;17:144.
20. Kuriakose S, Prasannan M, Remya KC, Kurian J, Sreejith KR. Prevalence of early childhood caries among preschool children in Trivandrum and its association with various risk factors. Contemp Clin Dent 2015;6:69-73.
21. Folayan MO, Kolawole KA, Oziegbe EO, Oyedele T, Oshomoji OV, Chukwumah NM, et al. Prevalence, and early childhood caries risk indicators in preschool children in suburban Nigeria. BMC Oral Health 2015;15:72.
22. Olatosi OO, Inem V, Sofola OO, Prakash P, Sote EO. The prevalence of early childhood caries and its associated risk factors among preschool children referred to a tertiary care institution. Niger J Clin Pract 2015;18:493-501.
23. Ozen B, Van Strijp AJ, Ozer L, Olmus H, Genc A, Cehreli SB. Evaluation of possible associated factors for early childhood caries and severe early childhood caries: A multicenter cross-sectional survey. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;40:118-23.
24. Feldman-Winter L, Goldsmith JP, Committee On F, Newborn, Task Force On Sudden Infant Death S. Safe sleep and skin-to-skin care in the neonatal period for healthy term newborns. Pediatrics 2016;138.
25. Prakash P, Subramaniam P, Durgesh BH, Konde S. Prevalence of early childhood caries and associated risk factors in preschool children of urban Bangalore, India: A cross-sectional study. Eur J Dent 2012;6:141-52.
26. Kakanur M, Nayak M, Patil SS, Thakur R, Paul ST, Tewathia N. Exploring the multitude of risk factors associated with early childhood caries. Indian J Dent Res 2017;28:27-32.
27. Jain M, Namdev R, Bodh M, Dutta S, Singhal P, Kumar A. Social and behavioral determinants for early childhood caries among preschool children in India. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2015;9:115-20.
28. Bowen WH, Lawrence RA. Comparison of the cariogenicity of cola, honey, cow milk, human milk, and sucrose. Pediatrics 2005;116:921-6.
29. Kawashita Y, Kitamura M, Saito T. Early childhood caries. Int J Dent 2011;2011:725320.
30. Ferrazzano GF, Cantile T, Quarto M, Ingenito A, Chianese L, Addeo F. Protective effect of yogurt extract on dental enamel demineralization in vitro. Aust Dent J 2008;53:314-9.
31. Merritt J, Qi F, Shi W. Milk helps build strong teeth and promotes oral health. J Calif Dent Assoc 2006;34:361-6.
32. Tanaka K, Miyake Y, Sasaki S. Intake of dairy products and the prevalence of dental caries in young children. J Dent 2010;38:579-83.
33. American Academy on Pediatric Dentistry. Policy on the dental home. Pediatr Dent 2018;29-30.
34. Beil H, Rozier RG, Preisser JS, Stearns SC, Lee JY. Effects of early dental office visits on dental caries experience. Am J Public Health 2014;104:1979-85.
35. Nobile CG, Fortunato L, Bianco A, Pileggi C, Pavia M. Pattern and severity of early childhood caries in Southern Italy: A preschool-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2014;14:206.
36. Fan C, Wang W, Xu T, Zheng S. Risk factors of early childhood caries among children in Beijing: A case-control study. BMC Oral Health 2016;16:98.