Yelda KASIMOĞLU, Mine KORUYUCU, Figen SEYMEN

DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE GEN TEDAVİSİ (DERLEME)

Biyoteknoloji alanındaki gelişmeler, medikal araştırmalarda gen tedavisini ön plana çıkarmış ve günümüz genetik prensiplerinin ağız diş sağlığını geliştirmek için kullanılmasına yol açmıştır. Bu yeni teknolojilerinin diş hekimliği ile buluşmasını; restoratif biyometaryallerin üretiminde kaydedilen bilimsel aşamalar, doku mühendisliği, moleküler biyolojinin kullanımı ve insan genom projesi sağlamıştır. Gen tedavisi, defektli genin özel bir yöntem kullanılarak tedavi edici bir gen ile değiştirilmesi veya tamir edilmesidir. Birçok hastalığın tedavisinde ve genetik bozuklukların düzeltilmesinde kullanılabilmektedir. Gen tedavisinin diş hekimliğinde dentofasiyal uygulama alanları arasında kemik rejenerasyonu, DNA bazlı immunizasyon (çürük ve periodontal hastalıklar), ağrı tedavisi, otoimmun hastalıkların tedavisi ve kanser tedavisi yer almaktadır. Genel olarak araştırmalarda yeni vektör sistemlerinin ve taşıma metotlarının geliştirilmesi, bunların test edilmesi, vektör transdüksiyonunu içeren mekanizmaların açıklığa kavuşturulması ve en iyi sonuç verebilecek yaklaşımların klinik deneylerde kullanılmasına çalışılmaktadır. Geçtiğimiz 15 yılda gen ve ilaç taşıyıcı sistemler için çeşitli vektörler geliştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Gen tedavisi, diş hekimliği alanında bilimsel bazda önemli etkiye sahiptir. Bu derlemede gen tedavisi metotları, ilgili vektörler, gen tedavisinin diş hekimliğinde klinik etkisi ve konuya ilişkin bilimsel bilgilerin güncellenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: diş hekimliği, genetik, gen tedavisi, genetik vektörler GENE THERAPY IN DENTISTRY (REVIEW) ABSTRACT Advances in biotechnology have brought gene therapy to a very important and active area of medical research and currently genetic principles are being applied along to improve oral health. Scientific advances in restorative biomaterials, tissue engineering, molecular biology and the human genome project provide the basis for the introduction of new technologies into dentistry. Gene therapy is a particular method by which missing or defective genes are replaced or repaired by normal genes. It can be used to treat wide range of diseases and correct genetics disorders. In dentistry the application of gene therapy to dentofacial problems includes bone regeneration, DNA based immunization (for caries and periodontal disease), pain, for treating auto immune disease and cancer. The general approach is to develop new vector systems and delivery methods, test them, uncover the mechanisms involved in vector transduction, and use the most promising approaches in clinical trials. For the past 15 years various vectors have been designed for improved gene and drug delivery. This field is having significant impact on topics related to dental practice. The aim of this review is to provide an update on gene therapy methods, its clinical implication in dentistry and scientific information associated with gene therapy. Key Words: dentistry; genetics; gene therapy; genetic vectors

Anahtar Kelimeler:

diş hekimliği, genetik, gen tedavisi

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