Hücre içi sinyal iletimi mekanizmalarının kanser tanı ve tedavisindeki rolü

Sinyal iletimi hücrede basit hücresel aktiviteleri organize eden, davranışını düzenleyen hücrehaberleşmesi içindeki karışık kompleks sisteminin önemli bir parçasıdır. Hücre bilgi akışındakihatalar başta kanser, otoimmünite ve diyabet gibi hastalıkların ana nedenidir. Sinyal iletimi ileilgili metabolik fonksiyonlar genetik mutasyonlar ve tümör hücrelerinin yakın çevreproblemlerinden etkilenmesinden dolayı kanser biyolojisinin en önemli konusu haline gelmiştir.Hücre sinyal iletimi detayları ile anlaşılınca, hastalıkların etkin tedavisi mümkün olacaktır. Bubulgulara bağlı olarak ortaya konan ilk ilaç imatinib kronik myeloid lösemi tedavisine kullanılanbir protein kinaz inhibitörüdür. 1950li yıllarda E. Krebs ve E. Fisherin fosforilasyonugöstermesinden itibaren protein kinazlar hücre sinyal iletiminde en önemli role sahip yapılardır.Günümüzde bazı protein kinaz inhibitörleri renal kanser hücrelerinde, küçük hücreli olmayanakciğer kanserlerinde ve kolon kanserinde yaygın olarak kullanım alanı bulmuştur. Son yıllardayapılan bilimsel çalışmalar sonucu kansere neden olduğu bulunan bir hedefe, ona artan birözgünlükle bağlanan yeni moleküller geliştirilmiştir. Bu nedenle normal ve farklı kanser hücremodellerinde hücre sinyal iletiminde tüm bilinmeyenlerin ortaya konması kanserde yeni tedaviprotokollerinin ortaya konmasında önemlidir. Yazımızda bir model olarak hücrede sinyal iletimianlatılmakta, kanser tedavisine özgün hedeflere karşı geliştirilen yeni ilaçlar özetlenmektedir.Kanser biyolojisinin ilgi çeken bu yeni alanında ortaya çıkan bulguların ışığında gelişen yenifırsatlar açıklanmaya çalışılmaktadır.

The role of signal transducing mechanisms in cancer diagnosis and treatment

Cell signaling is an important part of a complex system of communication that governs basiccellular activities and coordinates cell actions. Errors in cellular information processing areresponsible for diseases such as cancer, autoimmunity, and diabetes. Many of the signalingpathways that are affected by genetic mutations and the tumor microenvironment have a profoundeffect on core metabolism, making this topic once again one of the most intense areas of researchin cancer biology. By understanding cell signaling, diseases may be treated effectively. Due tothese findings imatinib is the first drug used in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukaemia asa protein kinase inhibitor. Since the discovery of protein phosphorylation by E. Krebs and E.Fisher in the 1950s, protein kinases have been recognized as major players in cell signaling.Today, some protein kinase inhibitors are widely used to treat renal cell carcinoma, non-small-celllung cancer and colon cancer. In recent years, new biding molecules against to a target which maybe the reason of carsinogenesis are identified leading to increase selectivity of particularcompounds in cell signaling. So, having the all aspects of cell signaling in normal and differenttypes of cancer cells are important for having the new treatment protocols in cancer. Herein, thecell signaling in a model and the drugs developed against to the affected targets in cell signalinghad been summarized. Also the challenges due to the new findings are tried to explain in thisextremely active research area in cancer biology.

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