Seda AVNİOGLU, Erdoğan UNUR, Niyazi ACER, Tolga ERTEKİN, Adem DOĞANER

Yenidoğan kadavralarında karaciğer hacminin stereolojik olarak hesaplanması

Amaç: Bu çalışmada yenidoğan kadavralarına ait karaciğerler üzerinde, Ultrasonografi (USG), Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme (MRG), Arşimet prensibi ve dilimleme yöntemleri kullanarak, bu yöntemler arasındaki farklılıkların ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamız 39.7 ± 1.5 hafta yaşları ve 2.220 ± 1.056 g ağırlıklı beş yenidoğan kadavradan oluşmuştur. Karaciğer hacmini hesaplamak için üç farklı yöntem kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Arşimed prensibi ile ölçülen karaciğer hacmi (LV) 70.00 ± 49.96 cm3 idi. Metodlar arasında anlamlı fark bulunmadı.Sonuç: MR ve USG görüntüleri, Cavalieri prensibi ile normal ve anormal karaciğer hacminin hesaplanmasında kolay, uygulanabilir ve tekrarlanabilir tahminler sağlar. Çalışmamızın önümüzdeki yıllarda yapılacak benzer çalışmalara referans olabileceğini düşünüyoruz.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Karaciğer hacmi, stereoloji, yenidoğan kadavrası, cavalieri prensibi

Stereological measurement of liver volume in newborn cadavers

Purpose: The aim of our study was to compare different techniques for the estimation of liver volume using cadaveric sample, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography (USG) images, and to measure errors associated with volume estimation techniques based on fluid displacement (the Archimedes' principle). Materials and Methods: Our study was formed of five newborn cadavers aged 39.7±1.5 weeks and weighted 2.220±1.056 g. We used three different methods for calculate the liver volume. Results: Liver volume (LV) measured by the Archimedes' principle was 70.00±49.96 cm3. There was no significant difference between the methods. Conclusion: MR and USG images provide easy, applicable and reproducible estimates in calculating volume of normal and anomalous liver with the Cavalieri’s principle. We think that our study may be a reference for similar studies to be done in the upcoming years.

Keywords:

Liver volume stereology, Cavalieri’s principle, newborn, cadavers,

PDF

___

1. Gray H. Gray's Anatomy of Human Body. China, Elsevier, 2008.
2. Kayaalp C, Arda K, Oto A, Oran M. Liver volume measurement by spiral CT: an in vitro study. Clin Imaging. 2002;26:122-24.
3. Acer N, Sahin B, Usanmaz M, Tatoglu H, Irmak Z. Comparison of point counting and planimetry methods for the assessment of cerebellar volume in human using magnetic resonance imaging: a stereological study. Surg Radiol Anat. 2008;30:335-9.
4. Acer N, Ugurlu N, Uysal DD, Unur E, Turgut M, Camurdanoglu M. Comparison of two volumetric techniques for estimating volume of intracerebral ventricles using magnetic resonance imaging: a stereological study. Anat Sci Int. 2010;85:131-9.
5. Ertekin T, Acer N, Turgut AT, Aycan K, Ozcelik O, Turgut M. Comparison of three methods for the estimation of the pituitary gland volume using magnetic resonance imaging: a stereological study. Pituitary. 2011;14:31-8.
6. Sahin B, Emirzeoglu M, Uzun A, Incesu L, Bek Y, Bilgic S, et al. Unbiased estimation of the liver volume by the Cavalieri principle using magnetic resonance images. Eur J Radiol. 2003;47:164-70.
7. Emirzeoglu M, Sahin B, Selcuk MB, Kaplan S. The effects of section thickness on the estimation of liver volume by the Cavalieri principle using computed tomography images. Eur J Radiol. 2005;56:391-7.
8. Mazonakis M, Karampekios S, Damilakis J, Voloudaki A, Gourtsoyiannis N. Stereological estimation of total intracranial volume on CT images. Eur Radiol. 2004;14:1285-90.
9. Acer N, Cankaya MN, Isci O, Bas O, Camurdanoglu M, Turgut M. Estimation of cerebral surface area using vertical sectioning and magnetic resonance imaging: a stereological study. Brain Res. 2010;1310:29-36.
10. Gunal MY, Ozansoy M, Kilic U, Keskin I, Ozdemir EM, Aslan I et al. Role of erythropoietin and its receptor in the development of endometriosis in rats. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc. 2019;20:41-6.
11. Acer N, Sahin B, Ucar T, Usanmaz M. Unbiased estimation of the eyeball volume using the Cavalieri principle on computed tomography images. J Craniofac Surg. 2009;20:233-37.
12. Doğan H.T BM, Karatağ O, Değirmenci H, Özkurt H. Evaluation of liver, spleen and kidney sizes by ultrasonography in normal children between the ages of 0–14. Turk J Pediatr. 2004;47:107-13.
13. Roberts N, Puddephat MJ, McNulty V. The benefit of stereology for quantitative radiology. Br J Radiol. 2000;73:679-97.
14. Roberts N, Garden AS, Cruz-Orive LM, Whitehouse GH, Edwards RH. Estimation of fetal volume by magnetic resonance imaging and stereology. Br J Radiol. 1994;67:1067-77.
15. Sahin B, Alper T, Kokcu A, Malatyalioglu E, Kosif R. Estimation of the amniotic fluid volume using the Cavalieri method on ultrasound images. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2003;82:25-30.
16. Marta García-Fiñana LMC-O. Improved variance prediction for systematic sampling on R. Statistics. 2004;38:243-72.
17. Garcia-Finana M, Cruz-Orive LM, Mackay CE, Pakkenberg B, Roberts N. Comparison of MR imaging against physical sectioning to estimate the volume of human cerebral compartments. Neuroimage. 2003;18:505-16.
18. Ronan L, Doherty CP, Delanty N, Thornton J, Fitzsimons M. Quantitative MRI: a reliable protocol for measurement of cerebral gyrification using stereology. Magn Reson Imaging. 2006;24:265-72.
19. Lawrence Lin ASH, Bikas Sinha, and Min Yang Statistical methods in assessing agreement: models, issues, and tools. J Am Stat Assoc. 2002;97:257-70.
20. Sahin B, Ergur H. Assessment of the optimum section thickness for the estimation of liver volume using magnetic resonance images: a stereological gold standard study. Eur J Radiol. 2006;57:96-101.
21. Roberts N, Barbosa S, Blumhardt CS, Kawoski RA, RHT. E. Stereological estimation of the total volume of MR visible brain lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis. Magma. 1994;2:1-4.
22. Hidaka H, Nakazawa T, Wang G, Kokubu S, Minamino T, Takada J et al. Reliability and validity of splenic volume measurement by 3-D ultrasound. Hepatol Res. 2010;40:979-88.
23. Roberts N, Cruz-Orive LM, Bourne M, Herfkens RJ, Karwoski RA, Whitehouse GH. Analysis of cardiac function by MRI and stereology. J Microsc. 1997;187:31-42.
24. Konus OL, Ozdemir A, Akkaya A, Erbas G, Celik H, Isik S. Normal liver, spleen, and kidney dimensions in neonates, infants, and children: evaluation with sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1998;171:1693- 98.
25. Acer N, Sofikerim M, Ertekin T, Unur E, Cay M, Ozturk F. Assessment of in vivo calculation with ultrasonography compared to physical sections in vitro: a stereological study of prostate volumes. Anat Sci Int. 2011;86:78-85.
26. Muggli D, Muller MA, Karlo C, Fornaro J, Marincek B, Frauenfelder T. A simple method to approximate liver size on cross-sectional images using living liver models. Clin Radiol. 2009;64:682-89.
27. Chouker A, Martignoni A, Dugas M, Eisenmenger W, Schauer R, Kaufmann I et al. Estimation of liver size for liver transplantation: the impact of age and gender. Liver Transpl. 2004;10:678-85.
28. Yuan D, Lu T, Wei YG, Li B, Yan LN, Zeng Y et al. Estimation of standard liver volume for liver transplantation in the Chinese population. Transplant Proc. 2008;40:3536-40.
29. Yoshizumi T, Taketomi A, Kayashima H, Yonemura Y, Harada N, Ijichi H et al. Estimation of standard liver volume for Japanese adults. Transplant Proc. 2008; 40: 1456-60.
30. Urata K, Hashikura Y, Ikegami T, Terada M, Kawasaki S. Standard liver volume in adults. Transplant Proc. 2000;32:2093-94.
31. Jiranun W, Waneerat G, C. N. Physical and ultrasonographic estimation of liver size in healthy children under two years old. Asian Biomed. 2011;5:403-6.
32. Soyupak SK, Narli N, Yapicioglu H, Satar M, Aksungur EH. Sonographic measurements of the liver, spleen and kidney dimensions in the healthy term and preterm newborns. Eur J Radiol. 2002;43:73- 8.
33. Silva RM, Pereira RB, Siqueira MV. Correlation between clinical evaluation of liver size versus ultrasonography evaluation according to body mass index (BMI) and biotypes. Rev Med Chil. 2010;138:1495-501.
34. Dittrich M, Milde S, Dinkel E, Baumann W, Weitzel D. Sonographic biometry of liver and spleen size in childhood. Pediatr Radiol. 1983;13:206-11.
35. Rocha SMS, Ferrer APS, Oliveira IRS, Widman A, Chammas MC, LAN O. Sonographic determination of liver size in healthy newborns, infants and children under 7 years of age. Radiol Bras. 2009;42:7-13.
36. Dhingra B, Sharma S, Mishra D, Kumari R, Pandey RM, Aggarwal S. Normal values of liver and spleen size by ultrasonography in Indian children. Indian Pediatr. 2010;47:487-92.
37. Huynh HT, Le-Trong N, Bao PT, Oto A, Suzuki K. Fully automated MR liver volumetry using watershed segmentation coupled with active contouring. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg. 2017;12:235-43.
38. Le TN, Bao PT, Huynh HT. Fully automatic scheme for measuring liver volume in 3D MR images. Biomed Mater Eng. 2015;26:1361-69.
39. Childs JT, Esterman AJ, Thoirs KA. Ultrasound measurements of the liver: an intra and inter-rater reliability study. Australas J Ultrasound Med. 2014;17:113-19.