Kardiyopulmoner "By-pass'ın" trakeal tüp balon basıncına etkisi

Kardiyopulmoner ‘by-pass’ sırasında oluşan hipotansiyon ve hipoterminin trakeal tüp balon basınçlarında meyda- na getirebileceği değişikliklerin araştı- rıldığı bu çalışmaya açık kalp ameliyatı planlanan 12 hasta dahil edildi. Genel anestezi uygulanan hastalar uygun çap- taki "Portex Profile" trakeal tüplerle entübe edildiler. Trakeal tüp balonu ba- sıncı (TTBB) 20 cm H 2 0 olacak şekilde hava ile şişirildi. Endotrakeal tüp pilot balonu, balon basıncını cm H 2 O olarak ölçen ‘VBM balon basınç ölçer’ine bağ- landı. KPB'da atımsız pompa akımı kul- lanıldı. Ortalama arter basıncı (OAB) 40-70 mm Hg arasında tutuldu. Hasta- lar 28° C’ye (rektal) kadar soğutuldu. TTBB, OAB ve özafagus ısısı 5'er daki- kalık aralıklarla kaydedildi. Veriler; 1: cerrahi insizyon öncesi, 2: sternotomi sonrası, 3: KPB’ın hemen öncesi, 4: aort klampının 5. dakikası, 5: aort klampı sırasında balon basıncının en düşük ol- duğu an, 6: aort klampı açıldıktan he- men sonra, 7: total “by-pass” sonlandı- ğında ve 8: ameliyat bitiminde olmak üzere 8 dönemde toplandı. Isı düştükçe TTBB düştü, ısının yük- selmesi ile beraber balon basıncı da yük- seldi. TTBB ile ısı arasında pozitif yön- de kuvvetli bir korelasyon (r=0.79), O- AB arasında ise pozitif yönde zayıf bir korelasyon olduğu saptandı (r =0.49). Çalışmamızda, KPB'ın hipotermik fazında TTBB' nın belirgin olarak düş- tüğünü gözlemledik. Balon basıncının düşmesi ile mukozaya uygulanan basın- cın azaldığı, dolayısı ile KPB'in hipotansif döneminde trakeal perfüzyon basıncının azalması ile oluşabilecek mukozal iskeminin engelleneceği kanısı- na varıldı.

Influence of cardiopulmonary by-pass on tracheal tube cuff pressure

The effects of hypotension and hypothermia on tracheal tube cuff pressure during cardiac surgery were assessed in this study. Design.- Twelve patients were included and a standardized general anesthesia was applied to the patients entubated with the proper size Portex Profile endotracheal tubes. Cuffs were inflated with air to a pressure of 20 cmH2O. Pilot balloons of the tubes were connected to a device which measures the intracuff pressure as H2O. Nonpulsatile perfusion was used during cardiopulmoner by-pass (CPB) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was kept within 40-70mmHg. Body temperature was cooled to 280C (rectal). MAP, esophageal temperature and cuff pressure were recorded every 5 minutes during the operation. Data were collected at eight intervals: 1: after surgical incision, 2: after sternotomy, 3: just before the CPB, 4:5 minutes after aortic cross clamping, 5: the moment that the cuff pressure was at the lowest value during aortic cross-clamping, 6: after aortic declamping, 7: at the end of the CPB, 8: at the end of the operation. Results.- Cuff pressure was decreased when the body temperature was decreased. A strong positive correlation was obtained between esophageal temperature and cuff pressure (r= 0.79) and poor correlation was found between MAP and cuff pressure (r=0.49). Conclusion.- In this study during the hypothermic phase of CPB a significant decrease was occurred in cuff pressure. With the decrease in cuff pressure, the pressure exerted by the cuff on the tracheal wall is decreased. Therefore we conclude that during CPB, mucosal ischemia which can be occurred due to reduction in tracheal mucosal perfusion pressure can be prevented .

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