32015

Geleceğin Tedarik Zinciri Modelinin Bugünden Tartışılması: Çiftçi Dostu Blok Zincir Destekli Tarımsal Gıda Tedarik Zinciri Modeli

Tarımsal ürünler, hava durumu, iklim şartları, toprağın yapısı, topraktaki su miktarı, su kaynaklarına erişim ve toprak işleme yöntemleri gibi pek çok değişkenin etkisi altındadır. Değişken sayısının çok olması ve tarımsal ürünlerin piyasa ekonomisine dayanması tedarik zinciri modelini zamanla daha karmaşık hale getirmiştir. Tarımsal ürünlerin üreticilerden nihai tüketicilere ulaşıncaya kadar kalite ve miktar düzeylerinin izlenmesi ve sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması giderek daha önemli hale gelmeye başlamıştır. Çalışma, geleneksel tarımsal gıda tedarik zinciri modeline alternatif olarak blok zincir destekli akıllı tarımsal gıda tedarik zinciri modelini tartışmayı ve farkındalık oluşturmayı amaçlamaktadır. Böylece ülkemiz açısından geleceğin modern tarım faaliyetlerinde blok zincir teknolojisinin sağlayabileceği avantajlara dikkat çekilmek istenmektedir. Çalışmada öncelikle blok zincir teknolojisi ve akıllı sözleşme kavramları incelenmiş, daha sonra, blok zincir destekli akıllı tarımsal gıda tedarik zinciri konusunda literatürde yapılmış çalışmalar Vosviewer programı yardımıyla analiz edilerek 2021 yılında Jaswitha ve arkadaşları tarafından önerilen çiftçi odaklı tedarik zinciri modeli değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Blok Zincir, Nesnelerin İnterneti, Tarımsal Gıda Tedarik Zinciri Modeli, Çifçi, Akıllı Sözleşme

Discussing of the Future Supply Chain Model from the Today: Farmer-Friendly Blockchain Supported Agri-Food Supply Chain Model

Agricultural products are under the influence of many variables such as weather, climatic conditions, soil structure, amount of water in the soil, access to water resources and tillage methods. The large number of variables and the fact that agricultural products are based on the market economy have made the supply chain model more complex over time. It has become more and more important to monitor the quality and quantity levels of agricultural products and ensure their sustainability until they reach the final consumers. The study aims to discuss and raise awareness about the blockchain-supported smart agricultural food supply chain model as an alternative to the traditional agricultural food supply chain model. Thus, it is desired to draw attention to the advantages that blockchain technology can provide in the modern agricultural activities of the future for our country. In the study, first of all, the concepts of blockchain technology and smart contract were examined. Then, the studies in the literature on the blockchain supported smart agricultural food supply chain were analyzed with the help of the Vosviewer program. Finally, in 2021 the farmer-oriented supply chain model proposed by Jaswitha et al. was evaluated.

Keywords:

Blockchain, Internet of Things, Agricultural Food Supply Chain Model, Farmer, Smart Contract,

PDF

___

Aich S, Chakraborty S, Sain M, Lee H. ve Kim H. A.(2019). Review on benefits of IoT integrated blockchain based supply chain management implementations across different sectors with case study. Proceedings of the 2019 21st International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT). PyeongChang, South Korea; February 17,138-141; IEEE.
Bordel SB, Alcarriab R, Martina D. ve Sánchez-Picota L.(2018) Trust provision in the Internet of Things using transversal blockchain networks. Intell Autom Soft Computer, 4177 1. https://doi.org/10.31209/2018.100000052.
Buterin, V. (2019). The Meaning of Decentralization. https://medium.com/@VitalikButerin/themeaning-of-decentralization-a0c92b76a274
Casey, M. ve Hounsom, N. (2017). A New Game Changer For The Media Industry?. Https://Www2.Deloitte.Com/Content/Dam/Deloitte/Za/Documents/Technology-Media-Telecommunications/ZA_Pov_Blockchain_Media_250817.Pdf
Casey, M. J. ve Wong, P. (2019). Global Supply Chains Are About to Get Better, Thanks to Blockchain. Harvard Business Review, https://hbr.org/2017/03/global-supply-chains-are-about-toget-better-thanks-to-blockchain
Chen, S., Liu, X., Yan, J., Hu, G., ve Shi, Y. (2020). Processes, benefits, and challenges for adoption of blockchain technologies in food supply chains: A thematic analysis. Information Systems and e-Business Management. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10257-020-00467-3
Corallo, A.; Paiano, R.; Guido, A.L.; Pandurino, A.; Latino, M.E. ve Menegoli, M. (2018). Intelligent Monitoring Internet of Things Based System for Agri-food Value Chain Traceability and Transparency: A Framework Proposed. In Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Workshop on Environmental, Energy, and Structural Monitoring Systems (EESMS), Salerno, Italy, 21–22 June, pp. 1–6.
Demestichas, K., Peppes, N., Alexakis, T. ve Adamopoulou, E. (2021). Blockchain in Agriculture Traceability Systems: A Review. Applied Sciences, 10(12), 1-22.
Dhawale, A., Tejashri, D., Shradha, L. ve Suryavanshi, P.M.(2020). Traceability of Agricultural Food Products in Supply Chain Through Blockchain. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research-JETIR, 7(4), 841-844.
Dickson, B. (2016). Blockchain has the potential to revolutionize the supply chain. TechCrunch, https://techcrunch.com/2016/11/24/blockchain-has-the-potential-torevolutionize-the-supply-chain/
Gatteschi, V., Lamberti, F., Demartini, C., Pranteda, C. ve Santamaria, V. (2018). Blockchain and Smart Contracts for Insurance: Is the Technology Mature Enough? Future Internet, 10(20), 2-16, doi:10.3390/fi10020020
Ismagilova, E., Hughes, L., Dwivedi, Y. ve Raman, K.R. (2019). Smart Cities: Advances In Research—An Information Systems Perspective. International Journal Of Information Management, 47, 88–100.
Jain, D., Dash, M. K., Kumar, A. ve Luthra, S. (2021). How is Blockchain Used In Marketing: A Review and Research Agenda. International Journal Of Information Management Data Insights, 1, 1-12.
Jaswitha, R.G., Sai Kumar, H., Lohisatsya, T., Sri Nilay, V., Sai Praveen, K., Bhaskara, S. E. ve Pradhan, A.K. (2021). IEEE International Symposium on Smart Electronic Systems(iSES).
Kamilaris, A., Fonts, A., Prenafetabold, F., X.(2019). The Rise of Blockchain Technology in Agriculture and Food Supply Chains. Elsevier Trends in Food Science &Technology, 91.
Malik, S., Dedeoglu, V., Kanhere, S. ve Jurdak, R.(2019). TrustChain: Trust Management in Blockchain and IoT Supported Supply Chains. 10.1109/Blockchain.2019.00032
Mistry I, Tanwar S, Tyagi S ve Kumar N.(2019). Blockchain for 5G-enabled IoT for industrial automation: a systematic review, solutions, and challenges. Mech Syst Signal Process, 135, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2019.106382.
Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A Peer-To-Peer Electronic Cash System. Bitcoin.Org, 1–9.
Nalay, K., Raut, R.D. ve Narkhede, B.E., Priyadarshinee, P., Panchal, G.B. ve Gedam, V.V. (2021). Antecedents for Blockchain Technology-Enabled Sistainable Agriculture Supply Chain. Annals of O/perations Research, 6 December, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-021-04423-3 (Erişim Tarihi:02/08/2022).
Patel, N., Shukla, A., Tanwar, S. ve Singh, D. (2020). KRanTi: Blockchain-Based Farmer’s Credit Scheme for Agriculture-Food Supply Chain. Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, 32(4), 1-16.
Prause, G. (2019). Smart Contracts for Smart Supply Chains. IFAC PapersOnLine, 52(13), 2501-2506.
Risius, M. ve Spohrer, K. (2017). A Blockchain Research Framework: What We (Don’t) Know, Where We Go From Here, and How We Will Get There. Business and Information Systems Engineering, 59(6), 385–409.
Sheel, A. ve Nath, V. (2019). Effect of blockchain technology adoption on supply chain adaptability, agility, alignment and performance. Management Research Review, 42(12), 1353–1374.
Smart Contracts Alliance, "Smart Contracts: 12 Use Cases for Business & Beyond," Chamber of Digital Commerce, White Paper, Dec. 2016.
Szabo, N.(1994). Smart Contracts. https://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/rob/Courses/InformationInSpeech/CDROM/Literature/LOTwinterschool2006/szabo.best.vwh.net/smart.contracts.html (Erişim Tarihi: 30/07/2022)
Szabo, N. (1996). Smart Contracts: Building Blocks for Digital Markets. http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/rob/Courses/nformationInSpeech/CDROM/Literature/LOTwin terschool2006/szabo.best.vwh.net/smart contracts 2.html. (Erişim Tarihi: 30/07/2022).
Tian, F. (2017). A Supply Chain Traceability System for Food Safety Based on HACCP, Blockchain & Internet of Things, IEEE International Conference on Service Management.
Tye, Erin. (2016). Smart Contracts Alliance, Smart Contracts: 12 Use Cases for Business & Beyond. Chamber of Digital Commerce, White Paper, Dec. https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2016/12/06/1061682/0/en/Chamber-of-Digital-Commerce-Releases-Smart-Contracts-White-Paper.html (Erişim Tarihi: 31/07/2022).
Ye C, Cao W. ve Chen S.(2020), Security challenges of blockchain in Internet of things: systematic literature review. Trans Emerging Telecommunication Technolgy, 4177. https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.4177
Zhen-Yuan D. (2019). Personal data security and supervision in the age of large data. Intell Autom Soft Computer, 25(4):847-853. https://doi. org/10.31209/2019.100000088.
İnternet Kaynakları “Introduction to smart contracts” (2022)https://ethereum.org/en/smart-contracts/ updated: 25 Temmuz 2022, (Erişim Tarihi: 20/07/2022).
Blockchain in supply chain market; 2020. https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/blockchain-supply-chain-market-6702/ (Erişim Tarihi: 22/07/2022)
TZOB (2022). Temmuz Ayı Üretici Market Fiyatları ve Girdi Fiyatları. https://www.tzob.org.tr/basin-odasi/haberler/temmuz-ayi-uretici-market-fiyatlari-ve-girdi-fiyatlari (Erişim Tarihi 01/08/2022). https://telegra.ph/Blockchain-in-Supply-Chain-Market--Share-Growth-Trends-Covid-19-Impact-And-Forecast-2020--2027-08-04
Global Food Waste(GFW), 2020 https://cubii.co/en/34957-global-food-waste-statistics-2020/ (Erişim Tarihi: 02/08/2022). TEPAV, İstihdam İzleme Bülteni Temmuz 2022 https://www.tepav.org.tr/upload/files/1658124658-5.TEPAV_Istihdam_Izleme_Bulteni_Nisan_2022.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 01/08/2022).
Food and Agricultural Organization(FAO), 2022 https://www.fao.org/state-of-food-agriculture/en/ (Erişim Tarihi: 22/07/2022).